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View a dataset or subdataset nannos Tethyan/all

This page allows you to view all the information for a dataset, or subdataset, i.e. for a set of events and the intervals that they define, including the definitions of the basal events and the data used to set their age. The intervals table can show two levels of intervals, such as zones and sub-zones, or stages and sub-stages. The events table shows all the events in the dataset, including for example taxon events not used as markers of the base of intevals. page. On this page codes such as TAsZ (Tethyan Ammonite subZone) which are added to interval and/or event names to make them unique are shown. To see the data as it appears on TSC, and without those codes use the column view page

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Dataset metadata

Name:	nannos Tethyan id:13 sort: 110	Dataset type:strat pal mag micropal vertpal geochem Data types:events & intervals point data
TSC_source_notes:	CENOZOIC (low and middle latitudes) = Backman et al. (20120, Agnini et al. (2014) with direct cycle-ages from Raffi et al. (Neogene GTS2020). Paleogene events reviewed and enhanced by Paul Bown, June 2011. Late CRETACEOUS = mainly Late Cret. working group (London, June2011), which modified Burnett (1998) and Erba et al (1995) as tabulated by ODP Leg 171B Init. Repts. (Table 2, p. 17-18). Middle and Early CRETACEOUS = compiled by Jim Bergen (while at BP-Amoco), based on publications by Tim Bralower et al (1995), J. Bergen (1994) and Eric de Kaenel. Tethyan Early-Middle Jur zones from Mattioli and Erba (1999); Late Jur zones from Casellato, 2011.
compilation_notes:
Cenozoic notes & compilation notes	CNPl/CNM/CNO/CNE/CNP is modern zonation of Agnini, Backman et al. designed as replacement for the long used NN and CN zonations, but it is not universally accepted. Nannofossil Zone definitions and markers are from Cenozoic calcareous nannoplankton summary by Perch-Nielsen (1985; Plankton Stratigraphy) and summary figures by Aubry (in Berggren et al., 1995). The Martini (1971) system of ""NN"" and ""NP"" zones appear to be the most common in current usage, although these are more applicable to tropical waters. The Bukry (1973,1975) ""CP"" and ""CN"" zones utilizes about 90% of the NP/NN zonal markers. Mainly from Appendix 3 in GTS2012 (D. Erik Anthonissen and James G. Ogg (compilers)): (1) Quaternary-Neogene -- The regional age-calibrations of events are mainly from Lourens et al. (2004; as GTS2004 appendix table A2.2 for Quaternary-Neogene, which also has regional variability) and Berggren et al. (1995a, b). Raffi et al. (2006) placed most of these events onto a detailed isotope-stratigraphy framework. The “GTS2012 scaling” column is the reported earliest first-appearance or latest last-appearance datum among the regions. (2) Paleogene -- The listed Paleogene events were reviewed and enhanced by Paul Bown, which used IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) and event-chron references there-in." Eocene Nannofossil events are primarily from Aubry (in Berggren et al., 1995, SEPM) and from ODP Leg 145's update ("Table 3; p.23 in Init.Repts. explanatory chapter, 1994) of Berggren et al. (1985) and later studies by Backman and Fornaciari. Leg 145's ages were derived using the chron ages of Cande-Kent (1992), and I have adjusted where necessary. Additional events within NP zones and North Sea events are from Perch-Nielsen (1985); with approx. ages estimated from her charts of relative placement. Paleocene Nannofossil events are primarily from Agnini et al 2007; but using major datums as tabulated in Aubry (in Berggren et al., 1995, SEPM) and ODP Leg 145's update ("Table 3; p.23 in Init.Repts. explanatory chapter, 1994) of Berggren et al. (1985) and later studies by Backman and Fornaciari. In GTS04 through TSC10; the Leg 145's ages were derived using the chron ages of Cande-Kent (1992), and I have adjusted where necessary. Additional events within NP zones and North Sea events are from Perch-Nielsen (1985); with approx. ages estimated from her charts of relative placement.
Cretaceous notes & compilation notes	Cretaceous --- The syntheses of events and zones by Erba et al. (1995) and Von Salis (1998, as a chart set) have been progressively enhanced by detailed studies of outcrops and ocean drilling sites and by integrated compilations prepared for ocean drilling legs. The Late Cretaceous events and calibrations were revised during a workshop on Late Cretaceous microfossil stratigraphy (Univ. College London, June 2011, hosted by Jackie Lees and Paul Bown), with additional communications from Dave Watkins. Jim Bergen aided in an earlier compilation for the Early Cretaceous events.	;
Jurassic notes & compilation notes	ZONES (NJT) are from Mattioli-Erba 199; with modifications to Callov-Berr by Casellato 2010; and J/C from Wimbledon et al. (2019; J/C proposal). "GTS2004" ages are by Jim Bergen, based on composite of studies prepared for SEPM'98, and his (and Bralower's) Upper Jur calibrations in SE France. The SEPM chart had separate columns for (Italy-SE France-Morocco for Tith-Hett) and (Switzerland-Portugal for Oxf-Hett). These are merged here; and in cases of offset-FAD/LADs recorded in each column the "longest" range is used, with a comment added. OTHER COMMENTS ON SHEET (DTS, pre-SEPM): Source: Nannofossil Biostratigraphy, edited by Bilal U. Haq, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, 1984. Source: Oceanic Micropaleontology, edited by A. T. S. Ramsay, William W. Hay, Calcerous Nannofossils. (Source: Nannofossil Biostratigraphy, edited by Bilal U. Haq, Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company, 1984.); Source: Haq, B. U., Special Issue Plankton Biochronology, Marine Micropaleontology, National Science Foundation, Marine Geology/Geophysics Program, Washington, D.C., U.S., Marine -Micropaleontology, 14(1-3) p. 153-235.:Crux, Jason Alexander, and van Heck, Shirley Elizabeth, "Nannofossils and Their Applications", Brit. Pet. Res. Cent., Sunbury-on Thames, United Kingdom, p. 98-106. -see G. B. Hamilton	See also de Kaenel et al. 1996
Triassic notes & compilation notes		Source not stated but probably Bown 1998
Permo-Carboniferous notes & compilation notes
Devonian notes & compilation notes
Silurian-Ordovician notes & compilation notes
Cambrian notes & compilation notes
refs to add:	;
Linked refs:	Agnini et al. 2014;Backman et al. 2012;Bergen 1994;Berggren et al. 1985a;Berggren et al. 1995;Bown 1998a;Bown 1998b;Bralower et al. 1995;Burnett 1998;Cande & Kent 1992;Casellato 2010;de Kaenel et al. 1996;Erba et al. 1995;Lourens et al. 2004;Martini 1971;Mattioli & Erba 1999;Perch-Nielsen 1985;Raffi et al. 2006;Raffi et al. 2020;Wimbledon et al. 2020;
Interval Colour:	210/217/221
Event Colour:	22/218/215
Added abbreviations:
interval types:	zone;subzone	Main initerval type: zone
prefix(es):	NJT

zones and subzones in the nannos Tethyan dataset↑

interval	duration	interval notes	sub-interval	duration	notes	basal event	base age	pup	within_intv	offset	offset from	event notes	compilation notes	stage
			NT2b	17.0142		FAD Eoconusphaera zlambachensis	218.3742	0.41	Norian	0.0000		(nannolith, Incertae sedis) DASHED -- FAD (and base of Eo. Zlambachensis subzone) is about mid-Norian (assigned here as middle of stage). [Norian is now onger - as Rhaetian boundary has moved, so placement recalculated -> 0.414 Norian]		Norian
NT2	21.0358	Zone NT2 (Prinsiosphaera triassica Zone) is total range zone of Prinsiosphaera triassica; with subzone NT2b 'Orthopithonella geometrica subzone' in lower half.	NT2a	4.0216		FAD Prinsiosphaera triassica	222.3958	0.5	Lacian	0.0000		(nannolith, Incertae sedis) DASHED -- FAD recorded from Lower Norian, and is assigned here as mid-Lacian.		Norian
NT1	12.5642	Zone NT1 (Orthopithonella misurinae Zone) is FAD of Orth. misurinae to FAD of Prin. triassica.				FAD EARLIEST NANNOFOSSILS, Orthopithonella misurinae, Obliquipithonella prasina, Carnicalyxia tabellata, Cassianospica curvata	234.9600	0.6	Julian	0.0000		EARLIEST NANNOFOSSILS = Calcispheres, probably calcareous dinoflagellates, found in Southern Alps in Lower Carnian. Orthopithonella misurinae and Obliquipithonella prasina (calcispheres), Carnicalyxia tabellata and Cassianospica curvata (nannoliths, Incertae sedis). Appear same time as organic-walled dinocysts in geologic record. Arbitrarily assigned as mid-Early Carnian. [0..6 Julian used since the sub-stage has been extended, Base is now base D. canadensis TAZ not base T. aon TZ]]		Carnian
			CC26b	1.2390	CC26b (or NC20d) begins with FAD of M. prinsii = Lower Chron 29r -- Huber et al’08 say "average mean" of 66.79 relative to GTS04 (= C30n.5, used here), although they had a misleading 65.79 "average mean" in their comment, which Brian Huber corrected for J.Ogg (June’11). Leg 207 assigned as 0.4 myr before end-Cretaceous. Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes); with Boreal FAD later than Tethyan (Von Salis, 1998, SEPM chart). Assigned previously (1998) as simply 1 myr prior to end of Cretaceous (ODP Leg 171B assignment, and average of Tethyan/Boreal of von Salis).	FADt Micula prinsii	67.2790	0.5	C30n	0.0000		CC26b (or NC20d) begins with FAD of M. prinsii = Lower Chron 29r -- Huber et al’08 say "average mean" of 66.79 relative to GTS04 (= C30n.5, used here), although they had a misleading 65.79 "average mean" in their comment, which Brian Huber corrected for J.Ogg (June’11). Leg 207 assigned as 0.4 myr before end-Cretaceous. Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes); with Boreal FAD later than Tethyan (Von Salis, 1998, SEPM chart). Assigned previously (1998) as simply 1 myr prior to end of Cretaceous (ODP Leg 171B assignment, and average of Tethyan/Boreal of von Salis).		Maastrichtian
CC26	1.7784	CC26 begins with FAD of either N. frequens or C. kamptneri (for proximal). Within Chron 31n at low latitudes; but Austral-high-latitude is older (in mid-Chron C31r) at Maud Rise (see Huber et al’08, also as suggested on SEPM98 chart). Huber et al’08 compute as 67.44 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics = C30n.14; which is close to the C30n.25 of Voight et al (submitted to EPSL) based on C13 correlations; therefore C30n.2 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 40% up in B. argenta / junior Belemnite Zone (NW Europe), which is just slightly (0.2 myr) younger. Burnett’98 states that N. frequens has a well-documented diachronous FO", which is youngest at northern high latitudes. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 3/10 up between top of J. nebrascensis Z. and end of Maastrichtian; and a "younger" (high Boreal?) FAD as 5/10 up between top of J. nebrascensis Z. and end of Maastrichtian. Leg 207 assigned as 0.8 myr before end-Cretaceous => closer to Boreal placement on SEPM98.	CC26a	0.5394	CC26 begins with FAD of either N. frequens or C. kamptneri (for proximal). Within Chron 31n at low latitudes; but Austral-high-latitude is older (in mid-Chron C31r) at Maud Rise (see Huber et al’08, also as suggested on SEPM98 chart). Huber et al’08 compute as 67.44 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics = C30n.14; which is close to the C30n.25 of Voight et al (submitted to EPSL) based on C13 correlations; therefore C30n.2 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 40% up in B. argenta / junior Belemnite Zone (NW Europe), which is just slightly (0.2 myr) younger. Burnett’98 states that N. frequens has a well-documented diachronous FO", which is youngest at northern high latitudes. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 3/10 up between top of J. nebrascensis Z. and end of Maastrichtian; and a "younger" (high Boreal?) FAD as 5/10 up between top of J. nebrascensis Z. and end of Maastrichtian. Leg 207 assigned as 0.8 myr before end-Cretaceous => closer to Boreal placement on SEPM98.	FADt Nephrolithus frequens	67.8184	0.2	C30n	0.0000		CC26 begins with FAD of either N. frequens or C. kamptneri (for proximal). Within Chron 31n at low latitudes; but Austral-high-latitude is older (in mid-Chron C31r) at Maud Rise (see Huber et al’08, also as suggested on SEPM98 chart). Huber et al’08 compute as 67.44 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics = C30n.14; which is close to the C30n.25 of Voight et al (submitted to EPSL) based on C13 correlations; therefore C30n.2 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 40% up in B. argenta / junior Belemnite Zone (NW Europe), which is just slightly (0.2 myr) younger. Burnett’98 states that N. frequens has a well-documented diachronous FO", which is youngest at northern high latitudes. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 3/10 up between top of J. nebrascensis Z. and end of Maastrichtian; and a "younger" (high Boreal?) FAD as 5/10 up between top of J. nebrascensis Z. and end of Maastrichtian. Leg 207 assigned as 0.8 myr before end-Cretaceous => closer to Boreal placement on SEPM98.		Maastrichtian
			CC25c	1.1766	FAD of M. murus (base of Zone CC25c of Self-Trail’01) assigned by Huber et al’08 as 68.45 Ma (corrected) relative to GTS04 magnetics (upper Chron C31n) = C31n.3 DASH (partly from inconsistencies in their text): Leg 207 assigned as 1.2 myr before end-Cretaceous (arbitrary equal-spacing of FADs of M. murus, N. frequens, and M. prinsii); but SEPM98 placement used in GTS04 was base Chron C31n). DASHED -- Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes).	FADt Micula murus	68.9950	0.3	C31n	0.0000		FAD of M. murus (base of Zone CC25c of Self-Trail’01) assigned by Huber et al’08 as 68.45 Ma (corrected) relative to GTS04 magnetics (upper Chron C31n) = C31n.3 DASH (partly from inconsistencies in their text): Leg 207 assigned as 1.2 myr before end-Cretaceous (arbitrary equal-spacing of FADs of M. murus, N. frequens, and M. prinsii); but SEPM98 placement used in GTS04 was base Chron C31n). DASHED -- Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes).		Maastrichtian
			CC25b	0.1840	Lowermost Chron C31n, which Huber et al’08 interpolate as 68.70 Ma (GTS scale) = C31n.05. However, Voight et al. (submitted to EPSL, June 2011) put it slightly higher (about C31n.15); therefore C31n.1 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 80% up in B. junior / tegulatus Belemnite Zone (NW Europe) = 68.48 Ma which is about 0.7 myr higher; and Voight ’11 suggests that there is diachroneity. SEPM98 shows as 0.1 myr after M. murus (used here). However, GTS04 diagram (Fig.19.1) places Before (mid-way between M. murus and LAD of R. levis) -- used here for "GTS04".	FADt Lithraphidites quadratus	69.1790	0.1	C31n	0.0000		Lowermost Chron C31n, which Huber et al’08 interpolate as 68.70 Ma (GTS scale) = C31n.05. However, Voight et al. (submitted to EPSL, June 2011) put it slightly higher (about C31n.15); therefore C31n.1 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 80% up in B. junior / tegulatus Belemnite Zone (NW Europe) = 68.48 Ma which is about 0.7 myr higher; and Voight ’11 suggests that there is diachroneity. SEPM98 shows as 0.1 myr after M. murus (used here). However, GTS04 diagram (Fig.19.1) places Before (mid-way between M. murus and LAD of R. levis) -- used here for "GTS04".		Maastrichtian
CC25	2.3246	A calibration of Chron C31r.6 is used here. Watkins has calibrated it as 1 precession cycle below a 70.06 Ma Ar-Ar age (hence 70.08, ignoring uncertainty on Ar-Ar age). Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 85% up in B. sumensis Belemnite Zone (NW Europe); but Voight et al (2011, submitted to EPSL) show it as midway in that Zone, synchronous with Gubbio, and correlate to about Chron C31r.5 (70.3 Ma in GTS2012 magnetics). "Just above the FAD of planktonic foraminifer R. fructosa" (Huber et al’08, who placed it 0.18 myr above = 69.9 Ma in GTS2012 foram scaling based on Huber et al’s tables). Bralower et al (1995) suggest using this LAD to subdivide NC21 into a/b subzones; but the GTS2004 ages would imply very short durations, so omitted here. ODP age is 69.8 Ma, but EGI database (2005) calibrates as much higher at 68.4 Ma (North Sea) and 68.6 (Tethys). This younger age would probably require the overlying succession to also be pushed "higher" to retain same sequence. SEPM’98 assigned LAD in Tethys as top of H. ricolleti Zone of N.Amer., which is about 1 myr Higher. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD in Boreal as top of B. clinolobatus (base of H. birkelundi) ammonite = Late/Early Maastr. boundary.	CC25a	0.9640	A calibration of Chron C31r.6 is used here. Watkins has calibrated it as 1 precession cycle below a 70.06 Ma Ar-Ar age (hence 70.08, ignoring uncertainty on Ar-Ar age). Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 85% up in B. sumensis Belemnite Zone (NW Europe); but Voight et al (2011, submitted to EPSL) show it as midway in that Zone, synchronous with Gubbio, and correlate to about Chron C31r.5 (70.3 Ma in GTS2012 magnetics). "Just above the FAD of planktonic foraminifer R. fructosa" (Huber et al’08, who placed it 0.18 myr above = 69.9 Ma in GTS2012 foram scaling based on Huber et al’s tables). Bralower et al (1995) suggest using this LAD to subdivide NC21 into a/b subzones; but the GTS2004 ages would imply very short durations, so omitted here. ODP age is 69.8 Ma, but EGI database (2005) calibrates as much higher at 68.4 Ma (North Sea) and 68.6 (Tethys). This younger age would probably require the overlying succession to also be pushed "higher" to retain same sequence. SEPM’98 assigned LAD in Tethys as top of H. ricolleti Zone of N.Amer., which is about 1 myr Higher. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD in Boreal as top of B. clinolobatus (base of H. birkelundi) ammonite = Late/Early Maastr. boundary.	LADt Reinhardtites levis	70.1430	0.6	C31r	0.0000		A calibration of Chron C31r.6 is used here. Watkins has calibrated it as 1 precession cycle below a 70.06 Ma Ar-Ar age (hence 70.08, ignoring uncertainty on Ar-Ar age). Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 85% up in B. sumensis Belemnite Zone (NW Europe); but Voight et al (2011, submitted to EPSL) show it as midway in that Zone, synchronous with Gubbio, and correlate to about Chron C31r.5 (70.3 Ma in GTS2012 magnetics). "Just above the FAD of planktonic foraminifer R. fructosa" (Huber et al’08, who placed it 0.18 myr above = 69.9 Ma in GTS2012 foram scaling based on Huber et al’s tables). Bralower et al (1995) suggest using this LAD to subdivide NC21 into a/b subzones; but the GTS2004 ages would imply very short durations, so omitted here. ODP age is 69.8 Ma, but EGI database (2005) calibrates as much higher at 68.4 Ma (North Sea) and 68.6 (Tethys). This younger age would probably require the overlying succession to also be pushed "higher" to retain same sequence. SEPM’98 assigned LAD in Tethys as top of H. ricolleti Zone of N.Amer., which is about 1 myr Higher. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD in Boreal as top of B. clinolobatus (base of H. birkelundi) ammonite = Late/Early Maastr. boundary.		Maastrichtian
CC24	2.1040	Upper part of C323n.2n (Huber et al’08 calibrate as 71.80 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics => C32n.2n.8). Commonly used for base of CC24; although Leg 207 used the later LAD of T. orionatus.				LADt Tranolithus phacelosus	72.2470	0.78	C32n.2n	0.0000		Upper part of C323n.2n (Huber et al’08 calibrate as 71.80 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics => C32n.2n.8). Commonly used for base of CC24; although Leg 207 used the later LAD of T. orionatus.		Maastrichtian
CC23	3.6067	DASH -- Huber et al’08 value of about 75.31 Ma (C33n.71 relative to GTS04 magnetics) seems consistent with other Tethyan placements, and is used here. EGI database calibrates as base of Upper Campanian (76.4 Ma in Tethyan; 76.3 Ma in Boreal). However, in Boreal-realm studies, Jackie Lees (Burnett) assigns as upper Upper Campanian (ca. 74 Ma); and this offset is verified in cross-region C-13 studies by Voight et al. (2011, submitted to EPSL). SEPM’98 had assigned LAD is middle of D. stevensoni Z. Note: Husson et al. spells as "eximus" (not eximius; which is apparently a typo-error).				LADt Eiffellithus eximius	75.8537	0.71	C33n	0.0000		DASH -- Huber et al’08 value of about 75.31 Ma (C33n.71 relative to GTS04 magnetics) seems consistent with other Tethyan placements, and is used here. EGI database calibrates as base of Upper Campanian (76.4 Ma in Tethyan; 76.3 Ma in Boreal). However, in Boreal-realm studies, Jackie Lees (Burnett) assigns as upper Upper Campanian (ca. 74 Ma); and this offset is verified in cross-region C-13 studies by Voight et al. (2011, submitted to EPSL). SEPM’98 had assigned LAD is middle of D. stevensoni Z. Note: Husson et al. spells as "eximus" (not eximius; which is apparently a typo-error).		Campanian
CC22	0.9119	Also known as Quadrum trifidum. Huber et al’08 review and conclude C33n.55 (used here) is best calibration (76.29 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics; although their text says "C33n.65" -- we assumed their age model was correct, not text). Bralower et al. (1995) suggest this is coeval with FAD of foraminifer G. calcarata (about 0.8 myr younger), which may indicate uncertainty in Campanian inter-correlations. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as base of Late Campanian (base D. nebrascense zone). Slighly below base-Calcarata in Tanzania (Petrizzo et al’11).				FADt Uniplanarius trifidum	76.7656	0.55	C33n	0.0000		Also known as Quadrum trifidum. Huber et al’08 review and conclude C33n.55 (used here) is best calibration (76.29 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics; although their text says "C33n.65" -- we assumed their age model was correct, not text). Bralower et al. (1995) suggest this is coeval with FAD of foraminifer G. calcarata (about 0.8 myr younger), which may indicate uncertainty in Campanian inter-correlations. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as base of Late Campanian (base D. nebrascense zone). Slighly below base-Calcarata in Tanzania (Petrizzo et al’11).		Campanian
CC21	0.7978	Also known as Quadrum sissingh. Huber et al’08 cite Erba et al’95 as C33n.45; but their 77.10 Ma "relative to GTS04 magnetics" implies C33n.41 (used here). Seems an arbitrary 1 myr below FAD of U. trifidum in Leg 171/207 tables.				FADt Uniplanarius sissinghii	77.5634	0.41	C33n	0.0000		Also known as Quadrum sissingh. Huber et al’08 cite Erba et al’95 as C33n.45; but their 77.10 Ma "relative to GTS04 magnetics" implies C33n.41 (used here). Seems an arbitrary 1 myr below FAD of U. trifidum in Leg 171/207 tables.		Campanian
CC20	1.5667	Just above base of C. plummera Foram Zone according to M. Petrizzo (June 2011 workshop notes) => assigned here as 0.2 myr above. This FAD age-projection is very similar from estimate in ODP 171/207, which had coincided with mid-B. perplexus (late) zone.				FADt Ceratolithoides aculeus	79.1301	0		-0.2000	FAD Contusotruncana plummerae	Just above base of C. plummera Foram Zone according to M. Petrizzo (June 2011 workshop notes) => assigned here as 0.2 myr above. This FAD age-projection is very similar from estimate in ODP 171/207, which had coincided with mid-B. perplexus (late) zone.		Campanian
CC19	1.8399	SEPM’98 had assigned LAD as base of Middle Camp (base B. obtusus)				LADt Marthasterites furcatus	80.9700	0	Baculites obtusus WAZ	0.0000		SEPM’98 had assigned LAD as base of Middle Camp (base B. obtusus)		Campanian
CC18	1.8160	DASHED -- Base of NC18 and CC18 at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) is ca. 20% up in Gt. elevata Foram Zone (used here). They divide CC18 into 2 subzones on chart, but definition missing. In contrast, Burnett’98 schematically showed much higher as about 40% up in S. hippocrepis III Zone of N. Amer. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 3/10 up in S. hippocrepis I Zone. Subzone UC14a is very brief. Also called "Aspidolithus parcus parcus" in some schemes. Base of preceeding B. parcus expansus is probably the "parca" one just above the boundary, and parca-parca occurs higher (J. Bergen 2005 pers. Commun.).				FADt Broinsonia parca parca	82.7860	0.2	Globotruncanita elevata pfZ	0.0000		DASHED -- Base of NC18 and CC18 at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) is ca. 20% up in Gt. elevata Foram Zone (used here). They divide CC18 into 2 subzones on chart, but definition missing. In contrast, Burnett’98 schematically showed much higher as about 40% up in S. hippocrepis III Zone of N. Amer. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 3/10 up in S. hippocrepis I Zone. Subzone UC14a is very brief. Also called "Aspidolithus parcus parcus" in some schemes. Base of preceeding B. parcus expansus is probably the "parca" one just above the boundary, and parca-parca occurs higher (J. Bergen 2005 pers. Commun.).		Campanian
CC17	2.5040	DOTTED -- Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) show as ca. 15% up in Santonian (20% used here). In contrast, Leg 207 placed much higher at essentially Late/Middle Santonian boundary (base of D. bassleri zone)				FADt Calculites obscurus	85.2900	0.2	Santonian	0.0000		DOTTED -- Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) show as ca. 15% up in Santonian (20% used here). In contrast, Leg 207 placed much higher at essentially Late/Middle Santonian boundary (base of D. bassleri zone)		Santonian
CC16	0.5375	Assigned here as ca. 85% up in Magadiceramus crenelatus inoceramid zone, based on Ten Mile Creek candidate for base-Santonian (although base of that zone is not established). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about base of P. serratomarginatus ammonite Zone. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 assigned FAD nearly 2 myr Higher -- just below top of C. saxitonianus-I. undulatoplicatus Zone in mid-Santonian !! A lowermost-Santonian or uppermost-Coniacian (depending on future definition, and correlation to W.Interior ammonite usage) is supported by base-Santonian GSSP study, where L. cayeuxii is above base-D. asymetrica Foram Zone (the working definition of base-Santonian here; although age-calibration is uncertain), and just below the proposed macrofossil definition. Estimates (SEPM, Leg 171/207) seem to converge on placement at Middle/Early Santonian boundary (base of C. vermiformis zone). SEPM’98 had assigned Just above (0.1 myr) the LAD of S. septenarius; but order is opposite in Burnett’s UC system.				FADt Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii	85.8275	0.85	Magadiceramus crenelatus WInoZ	0.0000		Assigned here as ca. 85% up in Magadiceramus crenelatus inoceramid zone, based on Ten Mile Creek candidate for base-Santonian (although base of that zone is not established). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about base of P. serratomarginatus ammonite Zone. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 assigned FAD nearly 2 myr Higher -- just below top of C. saxitonianus-I. undulatoplicatus Zone in mid-Santonian !! A lowermost-Santonian or uppermost-Coniacian (depending on future definition, and correlation to W.Interior ammonite usage) is supported by base-Santonian GSSP study, where L. cayeuxii is above base-D. asymetrica Foram Zone (the working definition of base-Santonian here; although age-calibration is uncertain), and just below the proposed macrofossil definition. Estimates (SEPM, Leg 171/207) seem to converge on placement at Middle/Early Santonian boundary (base of C. vermiformis zone). SEPM’98 had assigned Just above (0.1 myr) the LAD of S. septenarius; but order is opposite in Burnett’s UC system.		Santonian
CC15	0.7380	DASH: Burnett’98 notes that "FO of Reinhardtites anthophorus is an unreliable datum. Its inception, which is widely believed to be in the Coniacian, is somewhat obscure. (etc). Therefore, assigned here as mid-Zone UC10 (Burnett’s placement of its discussion) with a Dash. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 1/10 up in C. saxitonianus -I. undulatoplicatus Z. In contrast, Leg 171B assigns to base of Santonian (but, of course, pending definition).				FADt Reinhardtites anthophorus	86.5655	0.5	UCt10	0.0000		DASH: Burnett’98 notes that "FO of Reinhardtites anthophorus is an unreliable datum. Its inception, which is widely believed to be in the Coniacian, is somewhat obscure. (etc). Therefore, assigned here as mid-Zone UC10 (Burnett’s placement of its discussion) with a Dash. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 1/10 up in C. saxitonianus -I. undulatoplicatus Z. In contrast, Leg 171B assigns to base of Santonian (but, of course, pending definition).		Coniacian
CC14	0.6105	DASHED as 60% up in Coniacian using relative scaling at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15). Same as "Micula decussata". FAD is Late/Middle Coniacian boundary in Leg 171 and Tethyan SEPM column; BUT placed at Middle/Early Coniacian in Boreal SEPM column. Burnett’98 assigns as essentially at base of P. tridorsatum Zone, which would be closer to Boreal				FADt Micula staurophora	87.1760	0.6	Coniacian	0.0000		DASHED as 60% up in Coniacian using relative scaling at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15). Same as "Micula decussata". FAD is Late/Middle Coniacian boundary in Leg 171 and Tethyan SEPM column; BUT placed at Middle/Early Coniacian in Boreal SEPM column. Burnett’98 assigns as essentially at base of P. tridorsatum Zone, which would be closer to Boreal		Coniacian
CC13	2.6840	DOTTED using SEPM’98 chart that had FAD as base of S. nigricollensis; but Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) show as ca. 90% up in Turonian. However, 85% up in Turonian would be more appropriate (and would fit the ammonite zone), because Huber’s email on D. concavata Foram Zone (which is also ca. 90% up in Turonian at Gubbio) requires that base CC13 be below base o that zone.				FADt Marthasterites furcatus	89.8600	0	Scaphites nigricollensis WAZ	0.0000		DOTTED using SEPM’98 chart that had FAD as base of S. nigricollensis; but Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) show as ca. 90% up in Turonian. However, 85% up in Turonian would be more appropriate (and would fit the ammonite zone), because Huber’s email on D. concavata Foram Zone (which is also ca. 90% up in Turonian at Gubbio) requires that base CC13 be below base o that zone.		Coniacian
CC12	0.5000	DASHED (Brian Huber, email Jan2016) at 0.5myr below Base of Furcata (base C11): "The eximius datum is too low and is being revised by David Watkins based on our Tanzania work (paper in prep probably for Marine Micropaleo). It should be placed just below the FAD of furcatus." Was GTS2012 -- For now, FAD of E. eximius assigned as assigned as 80% up in M. nodosoides Zone (from schematic diagram in Burnett’98). Also put as coeval with foram H. helvetica LAD; but it seems diachronous relative to LAD of H. helvetica (above LAD at Demerara Rise Leg 207; within Helvetica zone at Tanzania and S. Atl. Pueblo (USA) => can get cyclestrat for both events (Dave Watkins; but he needs to check it). SEPM’98 assigned FAD at about 1 myr higher. Dual-markers (Eiffellithus eximius, Lucianorhabdus maleformis) for base of CC12; but separated in Burnett’98. SEPM’98 had assigned both FADs as middle of P. percarinatus Z.				FADt Eiffellithus eximius	90.3600	0		0.5000	FADt Marthasterites furcatus	DASHED (Brian Huber, email Jan2016) at 0.5myr below Base of Furcata (base C11): "The eximius datum is too low and is being revised by David Watkins based on our Tanzania work (paper in prep probably for Marine Micropaleo). It should be placed just below the FAD of furcatus." Was GTS2012 -- For now, FAD of E. eximius assigned as assigned as 80% up in M. nodosoides Zone (from schematic diagram in Burnett’98). Also put as coeval with foram H. helvetica LAD; but it seems diachronous relative to LAD of H. helvetica (above LAD at Demerara Rise Leg 207; within Helvetica zone at Tanzania and S. Atl. Pueblo (USA) => can get cyclestrat for both events (Dave Watkins; but he needs to check it). SEPM’98 assigned FAD at about 1 myr higher. Dual-markers (Eiffellithus eximius, Lucianorhabdus maleformis) for base of CC12; but separated in Burnett’98. SEPM’98 had assigned both FADs as middle of P. percarinatus Z.		Turonian
CC11	3.3900	SOLID (Brian Huber, email Jan2016) at 0.15 myr above base Turonian -- "FAD gartneri calculated as 93.75 Ma for Pueblo GSSP section in Huber, B. T., and Petrizzo, M. R., 2014 (Evolution and taxonomic study of the Cretaceous planktonic foraminifer Genus Helvetoglobotruncana Reiss, 1957 Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 44, p. 40-57). Should be solid line." In GTS2012 was DASH: "Just above base-Turonian at top of Devonense Zone (Dave Watkins; UCL Cret nanno workshop; June 2011) -- used here. This is lower (by about 0.5 myr) than schematic diagram in Burnett’98, which suggests about 1/3rd up in M. nodosoides Zone. This is similar to placement at Base of M. nodosoides Zone [Sudeep Kanungo, UCL thesis, June 2005; and pers. commun., Oct 2005 at EGI]. This is higher than the base of Turonian (Leg 171/207 placements) by 0.8 myr. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 had placed Q. garneri FAD as much lower -- in Cenomanian (!!) at 4/10 up in N. juddii Z.				FADt Quadrum gartneri	93.7500	0		-0.1500	base Turonian	SOLID (Brian Huber, email Jan2016) at 0.15 myr above base Turonian -- "FAD gartneri calculated as 93.75 Ma for Pueblo GSSP section in Huber, B. T., and Petrizzo, M. R., 2014 (Evolution and taxonomic study of the Cretaceous planktonic foraminifer Genus Helvetoglobotruncana Reiss, 1957 Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 44, p. 40-57). Should be solid line." In GTS2012 was DASH: "Just above base-Turonian at top of Devonense Zone (Dave Watkins; UCL Cret nanno workshop; June 2011) -- used here. This is lower (by about 0.5 myr) than schematic diagram in Burnett’98, which suggests about 1/3rd up in M. nodosoides Zone. This is similar to placement at Base of M. nodosoides Zone [Sudeep Kanungo, UCL thesis, June 2005; and pers. commun., Oct 2005 at EGI]. This is higher than the base of Turonian (Leg 171/207 placements) by 0.8 myr. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 had placed Q. garneri FAD as much lower -- in Cenomanian (!!) at 4/10 up in N. juddii Z.		Turonian
			CC10b	0.1500	Same as "Microstaurus chiastius" of other authors -- "rare but cute" (D.Watkins). LAD occurs at GSSP level in Pueblo -- used here (Dave Watkins; citing a field trip guide; and this was the basis for assigning in Leg 171 (but Ogg’s Leg 171 table was slightly lower). Burnett’98 assigns LAD only slightly higher -- as middle of W. devonense Zone (or, about 1/6th up in super-zone of W. coloradoense). J. Bergen puts also at base of Turonian), but below LAD of R. asper.	LADt Helenea chiastia	93.9000	0	Turonian	0.0000		Same as "Microstaurus chiastius" of other authors -- "rare but cute" (D.Watkins). LAD occurs at GSSP level in Pueblo -- used here (Dave Watkins; citing a field trip guide; and this was the basis for assigning in Leg 171 (but Ogg’s Leg 171 table was slightly lower). Burnett’98 assigns LAD only slightly higher -- as middle of W. devonense Zone (or, about 1/6th up in super-zone of W. coloradoense). J. Bergen puts also at base of Turonian), but below LAD of R. asper.		Turonian
CC10	2.4100	DOTTED --Base of CC10 has dual-markers (M. decoratus; L. acutus). FAD of L. acutus occurs near Thatcher Limestone in Western Interior (Andy Gale, UCL Cret nanno-foram workshop; June 2011) => In Conlinoceras tarrantense (=Conlinoceras gilberti) ammonite zone. Assigned here as middle of that Zone. However, at Gubbio, base of CC10 is drawn as only ca. 1 myr below top of Cenomanian (Coccioni-Silva’15). SEPM’98 has assigned both as Middle of A. granerosense zone; but Leg 207 projects age as base of Middle Cenomanian (~1 myr below). Therefore, I decided to retain Andy Gale’s lower base for now; but obviously work is needed to calibrate this in more than one location!	CC10a	2.2600	DOTTED --Base of CC10 has dual-markers (M. decoratus; L. acutus). FAD of L. acutus occurs near Thatcher Limestone in Western Interior (Andy Gale, UCL Cret nanno-foram workshop; June 2011) => In Conlinoceras tarrantense (=Conlinoceras gilberti) ammonite zone. Assigned here as middle of that Zone. However, at Gubbio, base of CC10 is drawn as only ca. 1 myr below top of Cenomanian (Coccioni-Silva’15). SEPM’98 has assigned both as Middle of A. granerosense zone; but Leg 207 projects age as base of Middle Cenomanian (~1 myr below). Therefore, I decided to retain Andy Gale’s lower base for now; but obviously work is needed to calibrate this in more than one location!	FADt Lithraphidites acutus, Microrhabdulus decoratus	96.1600	0.5	Conlinoceras tarrantense - Conlinoceras gilberti WAZ	0.0000		DOTTED --Base of CC10 has dual-markers (M. decoratus; L. acutus). FAD of L. acutus occurs near Thatcher Limestone in Western Interior (Andy Gale, UCL Cret nanno-foram workshop; June 2011) => In Conlinoceras tarrantense (=Conlinoceras gilberti) ammonite zone. Assigned here as middle of that Zone. However, at Gubbio, base of CC10 is drawn as only ca. 1 myr below top of Cenomanian (Coccioni-Silva’15). SEPM’98 has assigned both as Middle of A. granerosense zone; but Leg 207 projects age as base of Middle Cenomanian (~1 myr below). Therefore, I decided to retain Andy Gale’s lower base for now; but obviously work is needed to calibrate this in more than one location!		Cenomanian
			CC9b	4.6760	Bown shows as 30% up in S. dispar Ammonite Zone (now interval from base M.rostratum to top M.perinflatum Zones), but found higher [Sudeep Kanungo, UCL thesis, June 2005; and pers. commun., Oct 2005 at EGI], therefore assigned here as 60% up. Could be higher (40% up in R. appenninica Foram Zone was in TSC-tropical of 2010). SEPM’98 assigned as Middle of M. perinflatum subzone.	LADt Hayesites albiensis	100.8360	0.6	P. rostratum to A. briacensis BAZ	0.0000		Bown shows as 30% up in S. dispar Ammonite Zone (now interval from base M.rostratum to top A. briacensis Zones), but found higher [Sudeep Kanungo, UCL thesis, June 2005; and pers. commun., Oct 2005 at EGI], therefore assigned here as 60% up. Could be higher (40% up in R. appenninica Foram Zone was in TSC-tropical of 2010). SEPM’98 assigned as Middle of M. perinflatum subzone. [ammonite zones have been reorganised in this interval and are confusing. Equation in workbook gave 0.6 (P. rostratum + P. perinflatum + TAZ]		Cenomanian
CC9	6.9725	2 events are used, depending on morphotype. Small is earlier. Large (USED HERE) is base of M. fallax ammonite zone at Col de Palluel (Gale et al., 2011) (used here, because have cycle-strat for that foram zone). Bown’98 has schematically shown as 90% up in M. inflatum Zone, which is same numerical-age level. Bralower-Leckie, 1997, had put slightly lower -- coeval with FAD of foraminifer R. ticinensis. SEPM’98 assigned Boreal FAD as 7/10 up in E. loricatus Z., E. meandrinus s.z. or Tropical as just below (0.15 myr) the base of H. orbignyi subzone.	CC9a	2.2965	2 events are used, depending on morphotype. Small is earlier. Large (USED HERE) is base of M. fallax ammonite zone at Col de Palluel (Gale et al., 2011) (used here, because have cycle-strat for that foram zone). Bown’98 has schematically shown as 90% up in M. inflatum Zone, which is same numerical-age level. Bralower-Leckie, 1997, had put slightly lower -- coeval with FAD of foraminifer R. ticinensis. SEPM’98 assigned Boreal FAD as 7/10 up in E. loricatus Z., E. meandrinus s.z. or Tropical as just below (0.15 myr) the base of H. orbignyi subzone.	FADt Eiffellithus turriseiffelii	103.1325	0	Pervinquieria fallax TAZ	0.0000		2 events are used, depending on morphotype. Small is earlier. Large (USED HERE) is base of M. fallax ammonite zone at Col de Palluel (Gale et al., 2011) (used here, because have cycle-strat for that foram zone). Bown’98 has schematically shown as 90% up in M. inflatum Zone, which is same numerical-age level. Bralower & et al. 1995, had put it slightly lower -- coeval with FAD of foraminifer R. ticinensis. SEPM’98 assigned Boreal FAD as 7/10 up in E. loricatus Z., E. meandrinus s.z. or Tropical as just below (0.15 myr) the base of H. orbignyi subzone.		Cenomanian
			CC8b	7.5938	Nomenclature is "phacelosus" in older literature, but others seem to be using "orionatus" now (e.g., Bralower, Burnett). Bralower-Leckie charts places this FAD in middle of T. primula Foram Zone, but this would be inconsistent with cycle-scaling of overlying FAD of A. albianus (base of next higher NC zone), therefore placed at 25% up in this table. SEPM’98 had assigned Tranolithus "phacelosus" FAD as 7/10 up in D. mammillatum Z., P. steinmanni s.z., or at same level as FAD of Axopodo. albianus.	FADt Tranolithus orionatus (=T. phacelosus)	110.7263	0.25	Ticinella primula pfZ	0.0000		Nomenclature is "phacelosus" in older literature, but others seem to be using "orionatus" now (e.g., Bralower, Burnett). Bralower-Leckie charts places this FAD in middle of T. primula Foram Zone, but this would be inconsistent with cycle-scaling of overlying FAD of A. albianus (base of next higher NC zone), therefore placed at 25% up in this table. SEPM’98 had assigned Tranolithus "phacelosus" FAD as 7/10 up in D. mammillatum Z., P. steinmanni s.z., or at same level as FAD of Axopodo. albianus.		Albian
			CC8a	2.2275	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend of subcircular to circular. Base of this more circular P. columnata is assumed to be the one used in Piobbico (which fits their interpretation of Kilian) = 30.75 long-eccentricity cycles below top of Albian (12.45 myr) => 112.95 Ma = working definition for base of Albian. (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15)." SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it)	FADt Prediscosphaera columnata (circular)	112.9538	0		12.4538	base Cenomanian	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend of subcircular to circular. Base of this more circular P. columnata is assumed to be the one used in Piobbico (which fits their interpretation of Kilian) = 30.75 long-eccentricity cycles below top of Albian (12.45 myr) => 112.95 Ma = working definition for base of Albian. (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15)." SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it)		Albian
CC8	10.6515	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend subcircular to circular. In Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015, place it below base-Albian) at E32.8 cycles below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here). Base of this subcircular P. columnata using Kennedy et al. (2014; who used this "A*" designation) is just above top of Jacob black shale (0.1myr used here). (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!) SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15).	CC8a*	0.8302	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend subcircular to circular. In Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015, place it below base-Albian) at E32.8 cycles below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here). Base of this subcircular P. columnata using Kennedy et al. (2014; who used this "A*" designation) is just above top of Jacob black shale (0.1myr used here). (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!) SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15).	FADt Prediscosphaera columnata (subcircular)	113.7840	0		13.2840	base Cenomanian	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend subcircular to circular. In Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015, place it below base-Albian) at E32.8 cycles below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here). Base of this subcircular P. columnata using Kennedy et al. (2014; who used this "A*" designation) is just above top of Jacob black shale (0.1myr used here). (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!) SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15).		Albian
			CC7b	5.6174	Eprolithus floralis : CC 7a / 7b base of 7b defined by FO of E. floralis (J. Mutterlose email, Dec’19) [Was FAD of R. gallagheri/angustus in GTS2012]. Base E. floralis (base NC7a) in Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015) is at E46 2/3rd below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here) = base of "C7" interval of Aptian C13 curve = just above main OAE1a. This is about 2/3rds up in L.cabri foram zone (in broad sense) = "Nannoconid Return event" (Erba, 2004, Marine Micro). GTS04 = 121.9 Ma (2.1 myr above base-Aptian) (was 119.0 Ma in Leckie’s chart), which sets base of D. furcata Zone. Time-control point for scaling E. Aptian. SEPM’98 had FAD projected to 8/10 up in D. forbesi Zone (= D. weisi) on SEPM chart; but now projects much higher (base of D. furcata Zone)[For details at Nannotax, click Eprolithus floralis ].	FADt Eprolithus floralis	119.4014	0		18.9014	base Cenomanian	CC 7a / 7b base of 7b defined by FO of E. floralis (J. Mutterlose email, Dec’19) [Was FAD of R. gallagheri/angustus in GTS2012]. Base E. floralis (base NC7a) in Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015) is at E46 2/3rd below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here) = base of "C7" interval of Aptian C13 curve = just above main OAE1a. This is about 2/3rds up in L.cabri foram zone (in broad sense) = "Nannoconid Return event" (Erba, 2004, Marine Micro). GTS04 = 121.9 Ma (2.1 myr above base-Aptian) (was 119.0 Ma in Leckie’s chart), which sets base of D. furcata Zone. Time-control point for scaling E. Aptian. SEPM’98 had FAD projected to 8/10 up in D. forbesi Zone (= D. weisi) on SEPM chart; but now projects much higher (base of D. furcata Zone)		Aptian
CC7	7.7352	Mutterlose 29Dec2019 GTS2020 chart "FO of Hayesites irregularis slightly earlier, it pre-dates MOr; 2-3 mm below MOr. This event also defines the base of Nanno CC7". Also called Rucinolithus irregularis. 95% up in Chron M1n used here (same as in GTS2016). SEPM’98 had assigned a similar below (0.1 myr) the base of Aptian.	CC7a	2.1178	Mutterlose 29Dec2019 GTS2020 chart "FO of Hayesites irregularis slightly earlier, it pre-dates MOr; 2-3 mm below MOr. This event also defines the base of Nanno CC7". Also called Rucinolithus irregularis. 95% up in Chron M1n used here (same as in GTS2016). SEPM’98 had assigned a similar below (0.1 myr) the base of Aptian.	FADt Hayesites irregularis	121.5192	0.95	M1n	0.0000		Mutterlose 29Dec2019 GTS2020 chart "FO of Hayesites irregularis slightly earlier, it pre-dates MOr; 2-3 mm below MOr. This event also defines the base of Nanno CC7". Also called Rucinolithus irregularis. 95% up in Chron M1n used here (same as in GTS2016). SEPM’98 had assigned a similar below (0.1 myr) the base of Aptian.		Aptian
CC6	3.9055	ca. 40% up in N. nicklesi zone (Mutterlose, GTS2020 chart, used here). GTS2016 had slightly higher at 35% up in Chron M3r (merger of Bralower’s and Bergen’s placements). SEPM’98 had assigned as Base of Chron M3r; but LAD was middle of H. caillaudianus Z. in France.				LADt Calcicalathina oblongata	125.4247	0.4	Kotetishvilia nicklesi TAZ	0.0000		ca. 40% up in N. nicklesi zone (Mutterlose, GTS2020 chart, used here). GTS2016 had slightly higher at 35% up in Chron M3r (merger of Bralower’s and Bergen’s placements). SEPM’98 had assigned as Base of Chron M3r; but LAD was middle of H. caillaudianus Z. in France.		Barremian
			CC5b	1.8455	DASH: Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) has essentially as base of P. ohmi zone (used here). NOTE that Mutterlose now places the marker for NC5"c" below NC5"b"! GTS2016 had slightly higher at near base of Pseudothurmannia catulloi subzone in S. France (Martinez et al., 2015). Middle (75%) of Chron M5r [Bralower] = nearly same. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD as 6/10 up in P. angulicostata auct. Z.	LADt Lithraphidites bollii	127.2702	0	Pseudothurmannia ohmi TAZ	0.0000		DASH: Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) has essentially as base of P. ohmi zone (used here). NOTE that Mutterlose now places the marker for NC5"c" below NC5"b"! GTS2016 had slightly higher at near base of Pseudothurmannia catulloi subzone in S. France (Martinez et al., 2015). Middle (75%) of Chron M5r [Bralower] = nearly same. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD as 6/10 up in P. angulicostata auct. Z.		Barremian
CC5	2.5664	Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) puts top of Pl. ligatus Tethyan zone (= base of Bal. balearis; used here) and requested a solid line. GTS2016 had slightly lower at 25% up in P. ligatus Zone. SEPM’98 had also assigned LAD as 7/10 up in P. ligatus Z; but shifted down to avoid overlap with subzone b.	CC5a	0.7209	Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) puts top of Pl. ligatus Tethyan zone (= base of Bal. balearis; used here) and requested a solid line. GTS2016 had slightly lower at 25% up in P. ligatus Zone. SEPM’98 had also assigned LAD as 7/10 up in P. ligatus Z; but shifted down to avoid overlap with subzone b.	LADt Speetonia colligata	127.9911	0	Balearites balearis TAZ	0.0000		Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) puts top of Pl. ligatus Tethyan zone (= base of Bal. balearis; used here) and requested a solid line. GTS2016 had slightly lower at 25% up in P. ligatus Zone. SEPM’98 had also assigned LAD as 7/10 up in P. ligatus Z; but shifted down to avoid overlap with subzone b.		Hauterivian
			CC4b	3.0922		FADt Lithraphidites bollii	131.0833	0.5	Olcostephanus jeannoti TAsZ	0.0000		DASHED -- Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) puts as ca. 50% up in O. jeannoti; which is slightly higher than GTS2016 of ca. 25% up in O.jennoti subzone of C. loryi zone in French sections (was 25% up in C. loryi Zone in GTS2012). Bralower uses this to subdivide NC4, but it seems that "strict" base of some versions of NC4 (final LAD of T. verenae, rather than "highest common") is ABOVE this L. bollii FAD. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD as 2/10 up in C. loryi Z.		Hauterivian
CC4	4.9764	Ca. 25% up in C. furcillata zone (Mutterlose, GTS2020 chart, used here). In GTS016, was slightly lower at Middle of H. trinodosum s.z. (of N. pachydicranus Zone), which with revised zonal scheme, this essentially is base of C. furcillata subzone.	CC4a	1.8842		FADt Eiffellithus striatus	132.9675	0.25	Criosarasinella furcillata TAZ	0.0000		Ca. 25% up in C. furcillata zone (Mutterlose, GTS2020 chart, used here). In GTS016, was slightly lower at Middle of H. trinodosum s.z. (of N. pachydicranus Zone), which with revised zonal scheme, this essentially is base of C. furcillata subzone.		Hauterivian
			CC3b	0.0000		FADt Eiffellithus windii	136.5905	0.1	Neocomites neocomiensiformis TAZ to Karakaschiceras inostranzewi TAZ	0.0000		10% up in B. campylotoxus Zone (now N. neocomiensiformis). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 8/10 up in T. pertransiens Zone. Note: "SEPM98" age is different than actual SEPM chart, due to change in extent of T. pertransiens.		Valanginian
CC3	4.4398	Just above Berr/Val boundary according to south France (Charbonnier et al. 2013; Martinez et al., 2015) -- set as 35% up in Chron M14r here. This is slightly higher than the "21% up in cycle V1" (Martinez et al., 2015) using Charbonnier et al (2013) adjustment of their basal Valanginian cycle. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 7/10 up in T. otopeta Zone, which would shift to Berriasian, due to working-group change in boundary.	CC3a	0.8168		FADt Calcicalathina oblongata	137.4073	0.35	M14r	0.0000		Just above Berr/Val boundary according to south France (Charbonnier et al. 2013; Martinez et al., 2015) -- set as 35% up in Chron M14r here. This is slightly higher than the "21% up in cycle V1" (Martinez et al., 2015) using Charbonnier et al (2013) adjustment of their basal Valanginian cycle. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 7/10 up in T. otopeta Zone, which would shift to Berriasian, due to working-group change in boundary.		Valanginian
CC2	3.7167	FO of Retecapsa angustiforata in Calp. elliptica zone (Jorg Mutterlose; GTS2020 chart email 29Dec2019) => put mid-way in M17r. This is also the base of the CC2 zone. Previously put at Base of P. grandis subzone (J. Bergen’s calibration). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 8/10 up in T. occitanica Z., D. dalmasi s.z. Alternate name was C. angustiforatus.				FADt Retecapsa angustiforata	141.1240	0.5	M17r	0.0000		FO of Retecapsa angustiforata in Calp. elliptica zone (Jorg Mutterlose; GTS2020 chart email 29Dec2019) => put mid-way in M17r. This is also the base of the CC2 zone. Previously put at Base of P. grandis subzone (J. Bergen’s calibration). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 8/10 up in T. occitanica Z., D. dalmasi s.z. Alternate name was C. angustiforatus.		Berriasian
CC1	1.6560	Base of M19n.1r (Wimbedon et al, 2019, Berriasian GSSP submission). Was 30% up in Chron M17r (Bralower), which would be AFTER base of CC1; but Bergen correlated to about 50% up in B. jacobi s.z. (used here). However, Bergen’s version might be N. steinmanii minor of Bralower. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as middle of B. jacobi Z., P. grandis s.z.				FADt N. kamp. kamptneri & N. stein. steinmannii	142.7800	0	M19n.1r	0.0000		Base of M19n.1r (Wimbedon et al, 2019, Berriasian GSSP submission). Was 30% up in Chron M17r (Bralower), which would be AFTER base of CC1; but Bergen correlated to about 50% up in B. jacobi s.z. (used here). However, Bergen’s version might be N. steinmanii minor of Bralower. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as middle of B. jacobi Z., P. grandis s.z.		Berriasian
			CN14b	0.1400		LAD Pseudoemiliania lacunosa	0.4300	0		0.0000		LAD defines top of NN19, therefore at base of NN20. Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138) and Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926; Backman et al., 2012). Age is recorded slightly older (0.47 myr) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) placed similaly = O-18 stage 12; Chron C1n.4. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Chibanian
CN14	0.7700		CN14a	0.6300	Pleistocene Nanno Zone CN14a begins with FAD of Gephyrocapsa oceanica. But this event is not tabulated by Berggren or Leg 145. Figure 4 in Berggren et al. (1995) draws the base of CN14a at approximately 1.0 Ma, and Lourens et al (GTS2004) assign it at re-entrance of medium Gephyrocapsa	FAD Gephyrocapsa spp. medium (over 4 microns) reentrance	1.0600	0		0.0000		(=reemG event) Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138). FAD recorded slightly later (1.01 Ma) at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, and later (0.96 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) placed similarly = O-18 stage 29; Chron C1r.1n.5 (within Jaramillo). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Chibanian
			CN13b	0.6500	Pleistocene Nanno Zone CN13b begins with FAD of Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica; but this event is not tabulated by Berggren et al. or Leg 145. Diagram in Berggren et al. implies that the age is about 1.7 Ma.	FAD Gephyrocapsa spp. medium (over 4 microns)	1.7100	0		0.0000		(=bmG event). Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This FAD is recorded slightly later (1.67 and 1.69 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 & 138 and in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, respectively (Backman et al (2012) assign as 1.71 based on Site 926B). Pleistocene Nanno FAD of this Gephyrocapsa species was called "medium-o" by Berggren, Hilgen et al. (in earlier version of their 1995 GSA paper) and "oceanica s.l." by Leg 145 -- both lists give "Rio et al, in press" as source, and have same age. Berggren et al. (1995) assign as transition O-18 stages59/60; therefore at Chron C1r.3r.15 (above top of Olduvai). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Calabrian
CN13	0.8700		CN13a	0.2200		LAD Discoaster brouweri	1.9300	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). This LAD of D. brouweri is recorded slightly earlier (1.95 Ma) in Mediterranean (refs. 11, 22-25), and significantly earlier (2.06 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 and 138. Berggren et al. (1995b) assign in lowermost Olduvai; 1.95 Ma; therefore at base of Chron C2n. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2); Backman et al., 2012)]		Calabrian
			CN12d	0.4600		LAD Discoaster pentaradiatus	2.3900	0		0.0000		LAD of D. pentaradiatus (quintatus) defines top of NN17, therefore at base of NN18. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926), which Lourens et al. (2004) and Backman et al. (2012) place as 2.39 Ma. This LAD is recorded earlier (2.51 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) places near Matuyama/Gauss boundary, or at about Chron C2r.3r.25. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Gelasian
			CN12c	0.1400		LAD Discoaster surculus	2.5300	0		0.0000		LAD of D. surculus defines top of NN16, therefore at base of NN17. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926), which Backman et al. (2012) place as 2.53 Ma. This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (2.52 Ma and 2.54 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 and 138 and in eastern Mediterranean, respectively. Berggren et al. (1995b) place near Matuyama/Gauss boundary at about Chron C2r.3r.1. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Gelasian
			CN12b	0.2300		LAD Discoaster tamalis	2.7600	0		0.0000		Lourens et al (GTS2004 table) refers to this LAD as a "subtop". Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926) and eastern Mediterranean; which Backman et al. (2012) assign as 2.76 Ma. This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (2.87 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 and 138. Pliocene nannofossil ’Discoaster tarnalis’ (LAD) occurs at 2.73 Ma in Mediterranean in Berggren et al. (1995b) compilation, with main assignment at about Chron C2An.1n.6 (near top of Gauss). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Piacenzian
CN12	1.8900		CN12a	1.0600		LAD Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus	3.8200	0		0.0000		This LAD defines top of NN15 (and CNPL3), therefore at base of NN16/CNPL4. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); which Backman et al. (2012) place as 3.82 Ma (used here). This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (3.79 Ma and 3.84 Ma) in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138) and in eastern Mediterranean, respectively. Acccording to Berggren et al. (1995b), Pliocene nannofossil Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (LAD) occurs in Mediterranean at about Chron C2Ar.7 (uppermost part of upper-reversed interval of Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Piacenzian
			CN11b	0.2200		FCO Discoaster asymmetricus (common)	4.0400	0		0.0000		Lourens et al. (2004) referred to this FCO as a "subbottom". Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138) and in eastern Mediterranean (as 4.12 Ma), which Backman et al. (2012) recalibrate as 4.04 Ma. In Berggren et al. (1995b) compilation, Pliocene nannofossil ’Discoaster asymmetricus’ (FCO) occurs at about Chron C2n.1n.8 (near top of Cochiti, or in upper Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
CN11	0.6800		CN11a	0.4600		LAD Amaurolithus primus	4.5000	0		0.0000		DASHED -- Low reliability. Lourens et al (2004) referred to this FAD as a "subbottom". Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138). In Berggren et al. (1995b), the Pliocene nannofossil Amaurolithus primus (LAD) occurs in Nunivak subchron (ca. 4.55 Ma) in Mediterranean; or near top of Sidufjall subchron (ca. 4.58 Ma) in oceanic areas; therefore at about Chron C3n.3n.8. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
			CN10c	0.5800		FAD Ceratolithus rugosus	5.0800	0		0.0000		DASHED -- "Relatively indistinct biohorizon. Reliability: D" (Raffi et al., GTS2020). Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138). This FAD is reported later (5.08 Ma) in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926 (age from Backman et al., 2012). In Berggren et al. (1995b), this datum is diachronous among regions -- Pliocene nannofossil Cerotolithus rugosus (FAD) occurs near top of Nunivak (4.5 Ma) in Mediterranean, but within Thvera (about Chron C3n.4n.5); 5.0-5.23 Ma in oceanic areas. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
			CN10b	0.2800	Pliocene Nannofossil Zone CP10b begins with FAD of C. acutus AND/OR the LAD of genus Triquetrorhabdulus.	FAD Ceratolithus acutus	5.3600	0		0.0000		Base C. acutus is a marker for base of Pliocene. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926), but has essentially same age (5.32 Ma) in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138); set as 5.36 Ma by Backman et al. (2012) using Site 926A. Berggren et al. (1995b) assigned to approximately Chron C3r.85 (uppermost part of C3r in Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
CN10	1.0300		CN10a	0.1700		LAD Discoaster quinqueramus	5.5300	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138); and reported at same time in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926 [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)], and Backman et al. (2012) put as 5.53 Ma. Berggren. Kent, et al. (1995) assign as middle of Chron C3r (Gilbert).		Zanclean
			CN9d	0.4500	Miocene Nanno zone "NN11d" and "CN 9d" are taken from chart of Aubry (in Berggren et al., SEPM, 1995). Similar chart in Berggren et al. (GSA, 1995) has slightly different ages, but does not specify the nannofossil definitions.	LAD Nicklithus amplificus	5.9800	0		0.0000		Genus for amplificus was "Amaurolithus" in Berggren et al. (1995a) table; and had been used as base of "Subzone NN11d". Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This LAD (and LCO) is reported at same time (5.94 Ma in Lourens et al., 2004, but 5.98 Ma in Backman et al., 2012) in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926. The LCO is at 6.12 Ma and 6.14 Ma in Pacific (ODP Legs 11 & 138) and in Mediterranean, respectively. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Messinian
			CN9c	0.8400		FAD Nicklithus amplificus	6.8200	0		0.0000		Genus for amplificus was "Amaurolithus" in Berggren et al. (1995a) table; and had been used for a Subzone NN11c (and "CN9c") of their zonal scheme. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); which Lourens et al (2004) assigned as 6.91 Ma; but Backman et al (2012) place at 6.82 Ma (used here). This FAD occurs later (6.68 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Messinian
			CN9b	0.6300		FAD Amaurolithus primus	7.4500	0		0.0000		LAD of Amaurolithus primus is also LAD of genus Amaurolithus. Raffi et al. (GTS2020 assign as 7.45 Ma citing Zeden et al. 2013, with note "Isocronous occurrence in tropical Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans and Mediterranean. Reliablity: A". GTS2012 had: Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This FAD is recorded slightly later (7.36 Ma) in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]; which Backman et al (2012) revise as 7.39 Ma (used here)		Messinian
CN9	2.7600		CN9a	0.8400		FAD Discoaster berggrenii	8.2900	0		0.0000		DASHED -- Age from Raffi et al. (GTS2020) used here - "Diachronous occurrence between Atlantic and equatorial Pacific (8.5 Ma) . Reliability: D". GTS2012 had 8.2 Ma from Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]. Berggren et al. (1995) had this FAD as slightly older by 0.3 myr = lower C4r; and Backman et al (2012) use Site 926 calibration as 8.20 Ma (vs. the 8.29 Ma of Lourens et al (2004)).		Messinian
CN8	1.3200					LAD Discoaster hamatus	9.6100	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. LAD occurs slightly earlier (9.69 Ma) at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, which Backman et al. (2012) put as 9.65 Ma (used here). Astronomical age implies approximately Chron C4Ar.2r.5. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Correlations, as indicated by Berggren et al. (1995) were inconsistent; with younger LADs being reported elsewhere in previous literature -- C4Ar.2r.5; 9.4 Ma; or C4A; 8.67 Ma or 9.37 Ma; therefore C4Ar.2r.5 seems best estimate (nearly same as astronomical tuning).		Tortonian
CN7	0.9600					FAD Discoaster hamatus	10.5700	0		0.0000		DASHED -- Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign as 10.57 Ma with reliability of C due to later occurrence in eastern Mediterranean. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926) as 10.55 Ma (Lourens et al., 2004), revised as 10.49 by Backman et al. (2012). FAD occurs much younger (10.18 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Berggren et al. (1995a) note that this datum is "controversial" and inconsistent, with different reported correlations to magnetostratigraphy. More checks on this calibration are needed.		Tortonian
CN6	0.3200					FAD Catinaster coalitus	10.8900	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and assigned by Backman et al. (2012) as 10.79 Ma (but revised by Raffi et al., GTS2020, as 10.89 -- used here). FAD occurs slightly later (10.73 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Very poorly constrained age, and Atlantic may be 0.4 m.y. before Pacific -- Berggren et al. (1995) give C5r.2r (Atl.); 11.3 Ma or 11.1 Ma; therefore an older placement (by 0.4 myr) of C5r.2r.5 was used on previous versions of this chart.		Tortonian
			CN5b	0.9900		FCO Discoaster kugleri (common)	11.8800	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and simultaneous (11.90 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] and Backman et al. (2012). This "FCO" of Lourens et al. (2004) seems to correspond in calibration to the "FAD" of Berggren et al. (1995a), which they summarized as approximately lower Chron C5r.3r.		Tortonian
CN5	2.7704		CN5a	1.7804		LAD Sphenolithus heteromorphus	13.6604	0.6	C5ABr	0.0000		"Primary marker" for approximating the base of Serravallian GSSP. Reliability: A. Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign Chron C5ABr.6 (used here; although they round to 13.60 Ma). Astronomically tuned in as slightly higher in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and LAD is assigned as 13.654 Ma in eastern Mediterranean. The offset frorm Serravalian GSSP (13.8 Ma), although only ca. 150 kyr, causes a problem, because this nannofossil S. heteromorphus LAD had been the "primary marker" for base-Serravallian GSSP as placed in the in the Mediterranean region. Berggren et al. (1995a) had a similar chron-age assignment of approximately Chron C5ABr.6. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Serravallian
CN4	1.1996					LAD Helicosphaera ampliaperta	14.8600	0		0.0000		DASHED - Considered as low-reliability marker ("D" of Raffi et al., 2020). Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2), as 14.91 Ma]; revised by Backman et al. (2012) as 14.86 Ma (used here). Berggren et al. (1995a) had placed this LAD about 0.6 myr older as middle of Chron C5Br.		Langhian
CN3	3.0800					LAD Sphenolithus belemnos	17.9400	0		0.0000		Lourens et al (2004) assign this event as a LCO that is astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]; but Backman et al. (2012) refer to this same calibration as a Top (and used 17.94 instead of 17.95 of Lourens et al.). The interpretation of this level as a last-common (LCO) is only slightly below the LAD, which was the original definition of the zone (a 0.1 myr difference according to J. Bergen, pers. commun., 2005).		Burdigalian
CN2	1.0700	Berggren et al (1995) had shown FAD of S. belemnos as defining base of CN2. But Lourens et al (2004) assign base-CN2 as equivalent to base NN3. Young 1998 consider S. belemnos to be the better marker.				FAD Sphenolithus belemnos	19.0100	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] as 19.03 Ma; or 19.01 Ma (Backman et al., 2012; used here). Berggren et al. (1995a) had similar assignment that projected as Chron C6n.9 in their magnetostratigraphic scale.		Burdigalian
			CN1c	3.6700		FAD Discoaster druggii (s.str.)	22.6800	0		0.0000		DASHED - Diachronous. Base Discoaster druggi (sensu stricto) -- Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign as 22.68 (used here); but "Occurring later (close to base Chron C6Bn, ~ 22.32 Ma) in South Atlantic (Rio Grande Rise; Site 516; Florindo et al., 2015). Reliability: D" . Astronomically tuned as 22.82 Ma in eastern Mediterranean (based on projecting astronomical tuning of long-period minima to base-Miocene), which is consistent with ODP Leg 154. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] (used here). However, smaller forms appear earlier, at end of Oligocene (J. Bergen and E. de Kaenel, pers. commun., 2005). Backman et al. (2012) conclude that its FAD is "occurring a few thousand years earlier in the tropical Indian Ocean" compared to its ca. 22.59Ma rare occurrence in Pacific. FAD has been assigned to C6Cn in Leg 145 compilation, but Aubry (in Berggren et al., 1995) assigns 0.5 m.y. higher (in C6Br); so earlier chart had used C6Br.5.		Aquitanian
			CN1b	0.4460		LAD Reticulofenestra bisecta (>10 micron)	23.1260	0.5	C6Cn.2r	0.0000		DASHED -- Chron C6Cn.2r.5. Moved to "Other" instead of zonal-marker, although some used as Global (not just high-latitude) marker for base of NN1. The LAD of ’R. bisectus’ is used to approximate the NP25/NN1 boundary in high latitudes; and was "substituted for H. recta, the marker of the NP15/NN1 boundary in Martini’s (1971) zonal scheme" by Aubry (in Berggren, Kent, et al., 1995). [ODP Leg 145 Shipboard Scientific Party (1993)]. Leg 145 referred to this LAD as "top of acme"; but ODP Leg 171 scheme assigned as LAD. "Reticulofenestra bisecta" was called "Dictyococcites bisectus" in Perch-Nielsen (1985)?.		Aquitanian
CN1	5.3500		CN1a	1.2340		LAD Sphenolithus ciperoensis	24.3600	0		0.0000		DASH -- GTS2012/2016 had a NP26 zone (and CN1a zone) with base at LAD of S. ciperoensis; wihch was Cycle-calibrated as 24.43 Ma (1.40 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.), but Agnini et al (2014) cite same reference for 24.36 Ma (used here); but could be higher, because this genus is not very common (Paul Bown to J.Ogg, June’11). Low-latitude marker for base of NN1. Used as base of CN1a in some publications (in which LAD of D. bisectus becomes base of CN1b, rather than the present combined subzones). Scaling by Berggren et al. (1995a) was base of Chron C6Cr. [Blaj et al. (2009); P. Bown (pers. comm.. 2011)]		Aquitanian
			CP19b	2.4600		LAD Sphenolithus distentus	26.8200	0		3.7800	base Aquitanian	Oligocene Nanno ’Sphenolithus distentus’ LAD is cycle-calibrated as 26.81 Ma (3.78 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.). This is younger than chron-age of C9n by Aubry (in Berggren, Kent, et al., 1995) at 27.5 Ma, but is consistent with mid-Chron C8n.2n correlation in Leg 145 table. The LCO was placed in Chron 9n in basal-Chattian compilation of Italian sections by Coccioni et al. (GSA Bull, 2008).		Chattian
CP19	2.7733		CP19a	0.3133		FAD Sphenolithus ciperoensis	27.1333	0.3	C9n	0.0000		DOTTED at 30% up in Chron C9n in Agnini et al (2014; Fig. 11 -- used here). It had been much lower as base-C10n in GTS2016; and even base-C10r in GTS2012; and Agnini et al., 2014, imply a compromise to show a "mean" placement mid-way between the Chattian-GSSP level and the younger Agnini et al. assignment). This is about 0.4 myr older than estimate in Leg 145 table [Berggren et al. (1995a); Coccioni et al. (2008); P. Bown (pers. comm., 2011)] -- Difficult to pin down age within the transition; therefore has a wide range fo calibrations. A high estimate is a cycle-calibrated in Equat. Pacific as 27.14 Ma (4.11 myr relative to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene, by Blaj et al.’09 = also used by Agnini et al, 2014). But Paul Bown (to J.Ogg, June’11) advised to not use this very high placement, because this might be a very high level in the transition. In contrast, Nanno ’Sphenolithus ciperoensis FAD’ was placed at essentially base of Chron C11n.2n at proposed Chattian GSSP (Coccioni et al., GSA Bull., 2008) similar to assignment by Aubry (in Berggren, Kent, et al., 1995) within Subchron C11n.2n. However, to avoid overlap with cycle-scaled "underlying" CP18 marker (which has its own problems), the base of this NP24/CP19 is		Chattian
CP18	2.8767					FAD Sphenolithus distentus	30.0100	0		6.9700	base Aquitanian	DASHED: Diachronous -- Oligocene Nanno ’Sphenolithus distentus FAD’ is "a very inconsistent datum which may occur as low as Nanno Zone NP21 ... or as high as in Zone NP23" (Aubry, in Berggren et al., 1995). Cycle-scaled placement by Blaj et al. (2009; Eq. Pac.) is 30.00 Ma (6.97 myr relative to base-Miocene of 23.03 Ma; used here). Age estimates in Aubry’s table range from 31.5 to 33.1 Ma (but the oldest level was "probably due to another species, newly called as "Sp. akropodus", being confused for it"; Paul Bown to J.Ogg, June’11). The youngest FAD would imply that zone "CP18" begins before the "following CP17" ! [Blaj et al. (2009)]		Rupelian
CP17	2.0200	Diachronous -- Oligocene Nanno ’Reticulofenestra umbilicus LAD’ was specified as ">14 micron" in Leg 145 table. This LAD occurs earlier (32.3 Ma) in low-mid latitudes than in southern high-latitudes (31.3 Ma) = 1m.y. diachroneity. For simplicity, I have placed the base of the associated Zones NP23 & CP17 at the mid-latitude level (32.3 Ma).				LAD Reticulofenestra umbilicus (low-mid lat.)	32.0300	0		8.9900	base Aquitanian	DASHED: Diachronous -- Oligocene Nanno ’Reticulofenestra umbilicus LAD’ was specified as ">14 micron" in Leg 145 and tables in IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010). Cycle-calibrated as 32.02 Ma (= 8.99 myr relative to 23.03 for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al.’09 (Eq. Pac.) (used here). This LAD occurs earlier in low-mid latitudes than in southern high-latitudes (31.3 Ma) = 1m.y. diachroneity. Same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) = mid C12r; 32.3 Ma; [j,t] = C12r.35. Taxa "R.hillae" is considered to be a morphotype of R. umbilicus.		Rupelian
			CP16c	0.9000		LAD Ericsonia formosa	32.9300	0		9.8900	base Aquitanian	DASH -- Also known as "Coccolithus formosa". Diachronous. Cycle-calibrated as 32.92 Ma (9.89 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.) (used here). This is same as chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) as revised by Leg 145 = lowermost Chron C12r. Diachronous (Berggren et al. (1995a) indicate the LAD is 7 myr nearly earlier in south high lat!).		Rupelian
			CP16b	0.5400		LCO Clausicoccus subdistichus (common)	33.4700	0.5	C13n	0.0000		Chron C13n.5. Oligocene Nanno ’Clausicoccus subdistichus’ was called ’Ericsonia subdisticha’ (Leg 145 table) and ’Ericsonia obrata’ (Massignano section, Premoli Silva et al., 1988). [was labeled as "base of acme" in GTS04/08] [Berggren et al. (1995a) citing Premoli Silva et al. (1988)]		Rupelian
CP16	2.4200		CP16a	0.9800		LAD Discoaster saipanensis	34.4500	0		11.4100	base Aquitanian	Cycle-calibrated as 34.44 Ma (11.41 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.) - uused here. This is consistent with the chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) as revised by Leg 145 = middle of Chron C13r.		Rupelian
CP15	3.3200					LAD Chiasmolithus grandis	37.7700	0		0.0000		DASH -- Agnini et al. (2014), citing Fornaciari et al. (2010) assign Top of C. grandis as 37.77 Ma according to P?like et al. (2006) cyclostratigraphy (used here). Middle of Chron C17n.2n at proposed Priabonian GSSP in Italy (Agnini et al., GSA Bull., 2011), which would be 37.98 on GTS2012 cycle-mag scale. This is one chron older than Berggren et al. (1995a) assignment as middle of Chron C17n.1n; but they indicate the LAD may occur approx. 2 myr earlier in Mediterranean. Normally, C. grandis does NOT overlap C. oarmaruensis. "Unfortunately, the LO of C. oamaruensis as well as the HO of C. grandis have a low degree of reproducibility in many areas because of their scarse abundances" (Agnini et al., GSA Bull., 2011).		Priabonian
			CP14b	1.4568		LAD Chiasmolithus solitus	39.2268	0.3	C18n.1n	0.0000		DOTTED -- Agnini et al. (2014; Fig.8) indicate an uncertainty in the LAD (top) of C. solitus that spans about mid-C18n.2 to ca. 75% up in C18n.1 (about a 1-myr uncertainty); therefore base of NP17 and CP14b put at 30% up in C18n.1. IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) cite same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) = upper Chron C18r (C18r.75). LAD reported higher (C18n) in Hole 748 (ref. m).		Bartonian
CP14	4.0196		CP14a	2.5628		FAD Reticulofenestra umbilicus (>14 micron)	41.7896	0.4	C19r	0.0000		DASH -- CP14 base-marker; but moved to "other" because CP zones are not widely used in Paleogene. Berggren et al. (1995a) assign as middle of Chron C19r (C19r.4). Base of zone CP14 is FAD of R. umbilicus, but a further criteria of >10 ?m is used for clarity rather than the pure FAD (Paul Bown to J.Ogg, June 2011). IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) cite 42.5 Ma for >14 ?m based on Backman (1987), but chron-age is not given. Eocene Nanno ’R. umbilica’ FAD is latitude dependent; and occurs as early as basal C20r in Contessa section (Italy). [Berggren et al. (1995a); IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010)]		Bartonian
			CP13c	1.8554		LAD Chiasmolithus gigas	43.6450	0.93	C20r	0.0000		DASH: Poor calibration. Agnini et al. (2014) assign as Chron C20r.93 (used here). IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) cite 44.0 Ma based on Bachman (1986), but chron-age not given. Berggren et al. (1995a) estimate as upper Chron C20r (C20r.7).		Lutetian
			CP13b	2.4229		FAD Chiasmolithus gigas	46.0679	0.06	C20r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) and IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 46.1 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2006) or Chron C20r.06 on that CK’95 scale (used here).		Lutetian
CP13	4.9334		CP13a	0.6551		FAD Nannotetrina alata group	46.7230	0.68	C21n	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) citing Agnini et al. (2006) placement at Chron C21n.68 (used here). This is 0.5 myr younger than chron-age of Berggren et al. (1995) =of lower-mid Chron C21n. Nannotetrina fulgens FAD was also here; but ?Nannotetrina alata group: The two species Nannotetrina fulgens and Nannotetrina alata are merged into this group (Spiejer, Sept’19 quoting other studies)		Lutetian
			CP12b	1.3450		FAD Blackites inflatus	48.0680	0	Lutetian	0.0000		FAD of B. inflatus = GSSP marker (Feb’11 ratification) = set as 39 precession cycles (used 20kyr cycles here) from base of Chron C21r in GSSP section (Molina et al., 2011) = middle of Chron C21r (prob. C21r.55), which is similar chron-age scaling in Berggren et al. (1995a).		Lutetian
CP12	2.0767		CP12a	0.7317		FAD Discoaster sublodoensis (5-rayed)	48.7997	0.07	C21r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) assign Base of 5-rayed type as 7% up in C21r (used here), which was 49.0 Ma on C&K’95 scale. In contrast, IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned 0.5myr lower as 49.5 Ma (based on same CK’95 scale) citing the same Agnini et al. (2006) => Chron C21n.3 on that scale, which was just slightly younger than the chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995a) of base of C22n. The Lutetian GSSP nannofossils (Molina et al., Episodes, in press as of 2011) indicate the FAD may be as high as C21n.5.5.		Lutetian
CP11	1.8462	Eocene Nanno Zone CP11 base is FAD of Toweius? crassus; and this event is often used to approximate base of NP13 (see discussion in Perch-Nielsen, 1985). Following Aubry (in Berggren et al., 1995), NP13 and CP11 bases are made coeval, but there is no direct CP11 calibration.				LAD Tribrachiatus orthostylus	50.6459	0.11	C22r	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 50.66 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2006) => Chron C22r.11; used here; which is essentially same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995a). Eocene nanno "Tri. orthostylus" LAD (= base of Zone NP13) has a poorly defined age, and may be time-transgressive? (see discussion in Berggren, Kent, et al., 1985).		Ypresian
CP10	2.2841					FCO Discoaster lodoensis (common)	52.9300	0	C24n.1n	0.0000		Agnini et al (2014), citing Dallanave et al (2009) assign Base of COMMON D. lodoensis at 7% up in C24n.1n (but their Fig.8 shows as base C24n.1n -- used here); and use this datum as the base of their Zone CNE4. For NP12 and CP10; Agnini et al. (2014, Fig.8) also re-define to be the COMMON FAD, rather than direct FAD of D. lodoensis => same as base of CNE4 (used here).		Ypresian
			CP9b	1.1621		LAD Tribrachiatus contortus	54.0921	0.94	C24r	0.0000		DASH -- LAD of T. contortus is not seen very often, therefore IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) used FAD of Tri. orthostylus as alternate marker for base-NP11. Eocene Nanno evolution from Tribrachiatus contortus to Tribrachiatus orthostylus was formerly described as an abundance shift, but Aubry has subdivided it into different morphotypes. The event here was "Tribrachiatus contortus (Morphotype B)". Age assignment by Leg 320-321 of 53.5 Ma (on CK’95 scale) is based on Agnini et al. (2007) = Chron C24r.94 on that CK’95 scale (used here). This essentially the same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995a) of ca. C24r.9.		Ypresian
CP9	1.9623		CP9a	0.8002		FAD Discoaster diastypus	54.8923	0.69	C24r	0.0000		CP9-base marker; but moved to "other" because CP zones are no longer used in Paleogene. Agnini et al. (2007; 2014) assigned as Chron C24r.69 (used here); which is nearly same as relative chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995) of ca. Chron C24r.75.		Ypresian
			CP8b	1.1087		FAD Campylosphaera eodela	56.0010	0	Ypresian	0.0000		DASH (and moved to "other") -- Agnini et al. (2014) dash as coeval with base of Eocene (used here). Also called "Cruciplacolithus" eodelus. FAD of C. eodelus closely precedes C-13 excursion in many DSDP sites. Agnini et al. (2007) assign it as 55.5 Ma on the CK’95 scale, implying at Chron C24r.14; which is same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995a).		Ypresian
CP8	2.3308		CP8a	1.2221		FCO Discoaster multiradiatus (common)	57.2231	0.78	C25n	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 56.0 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at Chron C25n.78 (chron placement used here). This is slightly higher than chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995a) of about Chron C25n.4.		Thanetian
CP7	0.2664					FAD Discoaster nobilis	57.4895	0.3	C25n	0.0000		DOTTED CP7-base marker; but moved to "other" because CP zones are no longer used in Paleogene. Agnini et al (2014) note "existing uncertainty with respect to its precise calibration to magnetostratigraphy". Their "?" dotted assignment (C25n.1 -- used here) is much higher than chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995) of upper mid-Chron C25r. Alternate placement for base of NP8 also. IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 56.2 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) implying placement at Chron C25n.3 on that CK’95 scale.		Thanetian
CP6	1.4834					FAD Discoaster mohleri	58.9729	0.95	C26n	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 57.6 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at top of Chron C26n (C26n.95; used here) = same as observed at the Thanetian GSSP and same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995a).		Thanetian
CP5	0.3857					FAD Heliolithus kleinpellii	59.3586	0.96	C26r	0.0000		At Zumaya GSSP, this event occurs within uppermost Chron C26r, similar to Berggren et al. (1995a) of ca. Chron C26r.85. However, IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 58.0 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at top of Chron C26r (C26r.96; used here).		Thanetian
CP4	1.9159					FAD Fasciculithus tympaniformis	61.2745	0.33	C26r	0.0000		DASH -- seems inconsistent FAD assignment. Cycle-strat of Selandian GSSP -- summarized in Schmitz et al. (Episodes, 2011) -- indicates that this event is about 0.1 myr ABOVE base-Selandian. In contrast, Agnini et al (2014; citing Agnini et al., 2007) assign it higher as C26r.33 (used here), and Berggren et al. (1995) at ca. Chron C26r.4.. Coeval with FAD Neochiastozygus perfectus (North Sea).		Selandian
CP3	2.0108					FAD Ellipsolithus macellus	63.2853	0.25	C27r	0.0000		DOTTED: Agnini et al. (2014) indicate a 1 myr uncertainty in calibration. Paleocene Nanno ’E. macellus’ FAD assigned to lower C27r by Berggren et al. (1985b; 1995a) (C27r.25 is used here). Leg 145 places nearly 1.6 myr higher (at of Chron C26r), citing Backman (1986). Berggren et al. (1995a) indicate that this is a solution-susceptible taxon; so the earlier FAD may be more appropriate. Defines NP4 base.		Danian
CP2	1.2489					FAD Chiasmolithus danicus	64.5342	0.1	C28n	0.0000		10% up in Chron C28n in Agnini et al. (2014, Fig.2). Was lower in Middle of Chron C28r in Berggren et al. (1995a)]		Danian
			CP1b	1.1658		FAD Cruciplacolithus tenuis	65.7000	0	CNP2	0.0000		DOTTED. Set here to be same base as CNP2 of Agnini et al. (2014; Fig.2). This taxa might be C. intermedius (Paul Bown to J.Ogg, June2011; see p.134 in Agnini et al., 2014 on Cruciplacolithus taxonomy controveries.). Defines NP2 base. Berggren et al. (1995a) assign as lower Chron C29n (C29n.3; but a lower C29n.1 used here following graphic in Agnini et al., 2012); but Agnini et al. (2012) dash the FAD as much lower, although "we disregard zonal boundary markers such as ... C. tenuis s.l. (= large C. primus)		Danian
CP1	1.5058		CP1a	0.3400		FAD Biantholithus sparsus; Calcisphere FLOOD	66.0400	0	Danian	0.0000		Base of Cenozoic (Chron C29r.5). Zone NP1 begins with the acme of Thoracosphaera (calc. dinoflagellate), or is the interval from the top of the Cretaceous to the FAD of C. tenuis (base of NP2).		Danian
CNPL10	0.6300					FAD Gephyrocapsa spp. medium (over 4 microns) reentrance	1.0600	0		0.0000		(=reemG event) Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138). FAD recorded slightly later (1.01 Ma) at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, and later (0.96 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) placed similarly = O-18 stage 29; Chron C1r.1n.5 (within Jaramillo). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Chibanian
CNPL9	0.1900					LAD Gephyrocapsa spp. large (over 5.5 microns), Gephyrocapsa spp. medium (over 4 microns)	1.2500	0		0.0000		Zone CNPL9 is the almost total absence of medium and large Gephyrocapsa morphotypes observed in all ocean basins ("tlG event"). Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138). LAD recorded slightly earlier (1.25 Ma; Backman et al. 2012) at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, and (1.25 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) have same assignment = O-18 stage 37; Chron C1r.3r.97. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Calabrian
CNPL8	0.4600					FAD Gephyrocapsa spp. medium (over 4 microns)	1.7100	0		0.0000		(=bmG event). Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This FAD is recorded slightly later (1.67 and 1.69 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 & 138 and in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, respectively (Backman et al (2012) assign as 1.71 based on Site 926B). Pleistocene Nanno FAD of this Gephyrocapsa species was called "medium-o" by Berggren, Hilgen et al. (in earlier version of their 1995 GSA paper) and "oceanica s.l." by Leg 145 -- both lists give "Rio et al, in press" as source, and have same age. Berggren et al. (1995) assign as transition O-18 stages59/60; therefore at Chron C1r.3r.15 (above top of Olduvai). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Calabrian
CNPL7	0.2200					LAD Discoaster brouweri	1.9300	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). This LAD of D. brouweri is recorded slightly earlier (1.95 Ma) in Mediterranean (refs. 11, 22-25), and significantly earlier (2.06 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 and 138. Berggren et al. (1995b) assign in lowermost Olduvai; 1.95 Ma; therefore at base of Chron C2n. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2); Backman et al., 2012)]		Gelasian
CNPL6	0.4600					LAD Discoaster pentaradiatus	2.3900	0		0.0000		LAD of D. pentaradiatus (quintatus) defines top of NN17, therefore at base of NN18. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926), which Lourens et al. (2004) and Backman et al. (2012) place as 2.39 Ma. This LAD is recorded earlier (2.51 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) places near Matuyama/Gauss boundary, or at about Chron C2r.3r.25. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Gelasian
CNPL5	0.3700					LAD Discoaster tamalis	2.7600	0		0.0000		Lourens et al (GTS2004 table) refers to this LAD as a "subtop". Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926) and eastern Mediterranean; which Backman et al. (2012) assign as 2.76 Ma. This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (2.87 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 and 138. Pliocene nannofossil ’Discoaster tarnalis’ (LAD) occurs at 2.73 Ma in Mediterranean in Berggren et al. (1995b) compilation, with main assignment at about Chron C2An.1n.6 (near top of Gauss). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Gelasian
CNPL4	1.0600					LAD Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus	3.8200	0		0.0000		This LAD defines top of NN15 (and CNPL3), therefore at base of NN16/CNPL4. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); which Backman et al. (2012) place as 3.82 Ma (used here). This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (3.79 Ma and 3.84 Ma) in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138) and in eastern Mediterranean, respectively. Acccording to Berggren et al. (1995b), Pliocene nannofossil Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (LAD) occurs in Mediterranean at about Chron C2Ar.7 (uppermost part of upper-reversed interval of Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Piacenzian
CNPL3	0.2200					FCO Discoaster asymmetricus (common)	4.0400	0		0.0000		Lourens et al. (2004) referred to this FCO as a "subbottom". Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138) and in eastern Mediterranean (as 4.12 Ma), which Backman et al. (2012) recalibrate as 4.04 Ma. In Berggren et al. (1995b) compilation, Pliocene nannofossil ’Discoaster asymmetricus’ (FCO) occurs at about Chron C2n.1n.8 (near top of Cochiti, or in upper Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
CNPL2	1.0000					LAD Ceratolithus acutus	5.0400	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138) and at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926. Berggren et al. (1995b) assign as slightly older (~0.07 myr) than A. primus LAD. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
CNPL1	0.3200					FAD Ceratolithus acutus	5.3600	0		0.0000		Base C. acutus is a marker for base of Pliocene. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926), but has essentially same age (5.32 Ma) in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138); set as 5.36 Ma by Backman et al. (2012) using Site 926A. Berggren et al. (1995b) assigned to approximately Chron C3r.85 (uppermost part of C3r in Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
CNM20	0.1700					LAD Discoaster quinqueramus	5.5300	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138); and reported at same time in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926 [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)], and Backman et al. (2012) put as 5.53 Ma. Berggren. Kent, et al. (1995) assign as middle of Chron C3r (Gilbert).		Messinian
CNM19	0.4500					LAD Nicklithus amplificus	5.9800	0		0.0000		Genus for amplificus was "Amaurolithus" in Berggren et al. (1995a) table; and had been used as base of "Subzone NN11d". Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This LAD (and LCO) is reported at same time (5.94 Ma in Lourens et al., 2004, but 5.98 Ma in Backman et al., 2012) in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926. The LCO is at 6.12 Ma and 6.14 Ma in Pacific (ODP Legs 11 & 138) and in Mediterranean, respectively. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Messinian
CNM18	0.8400					FAD Nicklithus amplificus	6.8200	0		0.0000		Genus for amplificus was "Amaurolithus" in Berggren et al. (1995a) table; and had been used for a Subzone NN11c (and "CN9c") of their zonal scheme. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); which Lourens et al (2004) assigned as 6.91 Ma; but Backman et al (2012) place at 6.82 Ma (used here). This FAD occurs later (6.68 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Messinian
CNM17	0.6300					FAD Amaurolithus primus	7.4500	0		0.0000		LAD of Amaurolithus primus is also LAD of genus Amaurolithus. Raffi et al. (GTS2020 assign as 7.45 Ma citing Zeden et al. 2013, with note "Isocronous occurrence in tropical Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans and Mediterranean. Reliablity: A". GTS2012 had: Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This FAD is recorded slightly later (7.36 Ma) in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]; which Backman et al (2012) revise as 7.39 Ma (used here)		Messinian
CNM16	0.8400					FAD Discoaster berggrenii	8.2900	0		0.0000		DASHED -- Age from Raffi et al. (GTS2020) used here - "Diachronous occurrence between Atlantic and equatorial Pacific (8.5 Ma) . Reliability: D". GTS2012 had 8.2 Ma from Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]. Berggren et al. (1995) had this FAD as slightly older by 0.3 myr = lower C4r; and Backman et al (2012) use Site 926 calibration as 8.20 Ma (vs. the 8.29 Ma of Lourens et al (2004)).		Tortonian
CNM15	0.5100					LCO Reticulofenestera pseudoumbilicus (absence)	8.8000	0		0.0000		This is the beginning of a widespread ABSENCE of this taxa, at low to mid latitudes. "The interval of almost total absence of R. pseudoumbilicus in upper Miocene sediments (the so-called ?R. pseudoumbilicus paracme? or "small Reticulofenestra event") has been observed in different ocean basins, from the tropical Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans to the Mediterranean" (Young 1990, Rio et al. 1990, Backman et al., 2012). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Lourens et al (2004) tabulate this "paracme" event with astronomical tuning in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). Nearly simultaneous (8.71 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean, where is defines base of zone MNN11. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Tortonian
CNM14	0.8100					LAD Discoaster hamatus	9.6100	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. LAD occurs slightly earlier (9.69 Ma) at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, which Backman et al. (2012) put as 9.65 Ma (used here). Astronomical age implies approximately Chron C4Ar.2r.5. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Correlations, as indicated by Berggren et al. (1995) were inconsistent; with younger LADs being reported elsewhere in previous literature -- C4Ar.2r.5; 9.4 Ma; or C4A; 8.67 Ma or 9.37 Ma; therefore C4Ar.2r.5 seems best estimate (nearly same as astronomical tuning).		Tortonian
CNM13	0.9600					FAD Discoaster hamatus	10.5700	0		0.0000		DASHED -- Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign as 10.57 Ma with reliability of C due to later occurrence in eastern Mediterranean. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926) as 10.55 Ma (Lourens et al., 2004), revised as 10.49 by Backman et al. (2012). FAD occurs much younger (10.18 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Berggren et al. (1995a) note that this datum is "controversial" and inconsistent, with different reported correlations to magnetostratigraphy. More checks on this calibration are needed.		Tortonian
CNM12	0.3200					FAD Catinaster coalitus	10.8900	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and assigned by Backman et al. (2012) as 10.79 Ma (but revised by Raffi et al., GTS2020, as 10.89 -- used here). FAD occurs slightly later (10.73 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Very poorly constrained age, and Atlantic may be 0.4 m.y. before Pacific -- Berggren et al. (1995) give C5r.2r (Atl.); 11.3 Ma or 11.1 Ma; therefore an older placement (by 0.4 myr) of C5r.2r.5 was used on previous versions of this chart.		Tortonian
CNM11	0.7200					LCO Discoaster kugleri (common)	11.6100	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and simultaneous (11.60 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. This "LCO" of Lourens et al. (2004) and Backman et al. (2012) seems to correspond in calibration to the "LAD" of Berggren et al. (1995a) at middle of Chron C5r.2n.		Tortonian
CNM10	0.2700					FCO Discoaster kugleri (common)	11.8800	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and simultaneous (11.90 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] and Backman et al. (2012). This "FCO" of Lourens et al. (2004) seems to correspond in calibration to the "FAD" of Berggren et al. (1995a), which they summarized as approximately lower Chron C5r.3r.		Serravallian
CNM9	0.6900					LCO Calcidiscus premacintyrei (common)	12.5700	0		0.0000		Backman et al. (2012) calibrate this as 12.57 Ma relative to cyclostratigraphy of ODP Site 926A (used here). Last "regular" occurrence (LRO) as astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean is slightly later than at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Serravallian
CNM8	1.0904					LAD Sphenolithus heteromorphus	13.6604	0.6	C5ABr	0.0000		"Primary marker" for approximating the base of Serravallian GSSP. Reliability: A. Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign Chron C5ABr.6 (used here; although they round to 13.60 Ma). Astronomically tuned in as slightly higher in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and LAD is assigned as 13.654 Ma in eastern Mediterranean. The offset frorm Serravalian GSSP (13.8 Ma), although only ca. 150 kyr, causes a problem, because this nannofossil S. heteromorphus LAD had been the "primary marker" for base-Serravallian GSSP as placed in the in the Mediterranean region. Berggren et al. (1995a) had a similar chron-age assignment of approximately Chron C5ABr.6. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Serravallian
CNM7	2.1896					FAD Discoaster signus	15.8500	0		0.0000		Backman et al. (2012) calibrate to ODP Site 925D cyclostratigraphy as 15.73 Ma; but Raffi et al. (GTS2020) return to Leg 145 synthesis which placed at about Chron C5Br.15, hence 15.85 Ma, nearly same as the top of acme of D. deflandrei [ODP Leg 145 Shipboard Scientific Party (1993)]		Langhian
CNM6	1.8000					FCO Sphenolithus heteromorphus (common)	17.6500	0		0.0000		Raffi et al. (GTS2020) use "common" as 17.65 Ma (Chron C5Dr.1n). Lourens et al. (2004) assign this event as a first-common occurrence (FCO) that is astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2) = 17.71Ma]. Backman et al (2012) use same calibration but consider it as a Top (at 17.74 Ma; used here). This is essentially the FAD as compiled by Berggren et al. (1995a) which was projected as Chron C5Dr.1.		Burdigalian
CNM5	1.3600					FAD Sphenolithus belemnos	19.0100	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] as 19.03 Ma; or 19.01 Ma (Backman et al., 2012; used here). Berggren et al. (1995a) had similar assignment that projected as Chron C6n.9 in their magnetostratigraphic scale.		Burdigalian
CNM4	1.9700					REV Helicosphaera euphratis --> H. carteri dominance	20.9800	0		0.0000		EVENT -- Abundance crossover "to subdivide the relatively poorly resolved biostratigraphic interval of the lower Miocene" (Backman et al., 2012 had as 20.89); and used Raffi et al. GTS2020 age of 20.98. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] as 20.92. Backman et al. (2012) revise this slightly to be 20.89 (used here).		Burdigalian
CNM3	1.1700					LCO Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus (common)	22.1500	0		0.0000		Backman et al. (2012) calibrate the TOP of common (LCO) of T. carinatus as 22.10 Ma, based on Palicke et al. (2006) cyclostratigraphy of ODP Site 1218A. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)], but their 22.03 Ma age was listed as "Base" of common (maybe error in copying?)		Aquitanian
CNM2	0.7500					FAD Sphenolithus disbelemnos	22.9000	0		0.0000		DASHED -- Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926) as 22.76 Ma; but Backman et al (2012) conclude FAD should be higher at 22.41 based on Site 1218A in Pacific using cyclostratigraphy of Palicke et al (2006), then Raffi et al. (GTS2020) shift older again to 22.90 (used here); and note that "Earlier scatter occurrence at mid latitude S Atlantic (Site 1264). Reliability: B". This species was not recognized in other schemes. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Aquitanian
CNM1	0.2100					LAD Sphenolithus delphix	23.1100	0		0.0000		Oligocene Nanno ’Spenolithus delphix LAD’ may be similar to its ’top of acme’. Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign as 23.11 Ma (top of Oligocene), citing Liebrand et al. 2016. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2); Raffi et al. (2006)] as 23.11; but Agnini et al (2014) use 23.06 Ma (used here)		Aquitanian
CNO6	1.2500					LAD Sphenolithus ciperoensis	24.3600	0		0.0000		DASH -- GTS2012/2016 had a NP26 zone (and CN1a zone) with base at LAD of S. ciperoensis; wihch was Cycle-calibrated as 24.43 Ma (1.40 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.), but Agnini et al (2014) cite same reference for 24.36 Ma (used here); but could be higher, because this genus is not very common (Paul Bown to J.Ogg, June’11). Low-latitude marker for base of NN1. Used as base of CN1a in some publications (in which LAD of D. bisectus becomes base of CN1b, rather than the present combined subzones). Scaling by Berggren et al. (1995a) was base of Chron C6Cr. [Blaj et al. (2009); P. Bown (pers. comm.. 2011)]		Chattian
CNO5	2.5800					LAD Sphenolithus predistentus	26.9400	0		3.9000	base Aquitanian	Cycle-calibrated as 26.93 Ma (3.90 myr relative to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.).		Chattian
CNO4	3.0700					FAD Sphenolithus distentus	30.0100	0		6.9700	base Aquitanian	DASHED: Diachronous -- Oligocene Nanno ’Sphenolithus distentus FAD’ is "a very inconsistent datum which may occur as low as Nanno Zone NP21 ... or as high as in Zone NP23" (Aubry, in Berggren et al., 1995). Cycle-scaled placement by Blaj et al. (2009; Eq. Pac.) is 30.00 Ma (6.97 myr relative to base-Miocene of 23.03 Ma; used here). Age estimates in Aubry’s table range from 31.5 to 33.1 Ma (but the oldest level was "probably due to another species, newly called as "Sp. akropodus", being confused for it"; Paul Bown to J.Ogg, June’11). The youngest FAD would imply that zone "CP18" begins before the "following CP17" ! [Blaj et al. (2009)]		Rupelian
CNO3	2.0200	Diachronous -- Oligocene Nanno ’Reticulofenestra umbilicus LAD’ was specified as ">14 micron" in Leg 145 table. This LAD occurs earlier (32.3 Ma) in low-mid latitudes than in southern high-latitudes (31.3 Ma) = 1m.y. diachroneity. For simplicity, I have placed the base of the associated Zones NP23 & CP17 at the mid-latitude level (32.3 Ma).				LAD Reticulofenestra umbilicus (low-mid lat.)	32.0300	0		8.9900	base Aquitanian	DASHED: Diachronous -- Oligocene Nanno ’Reticulofenestra umbilicus LAD’ was specified as ">14 micron" in Leg 145 and tables in IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010). Cycle-calibrated as 32.02 Ma (= 8.99 myr relative to 23.03 for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al.’09 (Eq. Pac.) (used here). This LAD occurs earlier in low-mid latitudes than in southern high-latitudes (31.3 Ma) = 1m.y. diachroneity. Same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) = mid C12r; 32.3 Ma; [j,t] = C12r.35. Taxa "R.hillae" is considered to be a morphotype of R. umbilicus.		Rupelian
CNO2	0.9000					LAD Ericsonia formosa	32.9300	0		9.8900	base Aquitanian	DASH -- Also known as "Coccolithus formosa". Diachronous. Cycle-calibrated as 32.92 Ma (9.89 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.) (used here). This is same as chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) as revised by Leg 145 = lowermost Chron C12r. Diachronous (Berggren et al. (1995a) indicate the LAD is 7 myr nearly earlier in south high lat!).		Rupelian
CNO1	0.9500					FCO Clausicoccus subdistichus (common)	33.8800	0		0.0000		Oligocene Nanno ’Clausicoccus subdistichus’ was called ’Ericsonia subdisticha’ (Leg 145 table) and ’Ericsonia obruta’ (Massignano section, Premoli Silva et al., 1988). Agnini et al. (2014), citing Backman (1987) assign Base of C. subdistichus as 33.88 Ma according to P?like et al. (2006) cyclostratigraphy (used here).		Rupelian
CNE21	0.5700					LAD Discoaster saipanensis	34.4500	0		11.4100	base Aquitanian	Cycle-calibrated as 34.44 Ma (11.41 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.) - uused here. This is consistent with the chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) as revised by Leg 145 = middle of Chron C13r.		Priabonian
CNE20	0.7900					LAD Cribrocentrum reticulatum	35.2400	0		0.0000		Also called Reticulofenestra reticulata. Diachronous. Agnini et al. (2014), citing Backman (1987) assign Top of C. reticulatum as 35.24 Ma according to P?like et al. (2006) cyclostratigraphy (used here). Berggren et al. (1995), as revised by Leg 145, assigned as upper C15r (C15r.75). IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) has a similar 35.2 Ma, citing Bachman (1987), but didn’t clarify the calibration to chrons. [Berggren et al. (1995a) explanatory notes (2011); IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010)]		Priabonian
CNE19	0.8900					FAD Cribrocentrum isabellae	36.1300	0		0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014), citing Fornaciari et al. (2010) assign Base of C. isabellae as 36.13 Ma according to P?like et al. (2006) cyclostratigraphy (used here).		Priabonian
CNE18	1.3300					LCO Cribrocentrum erbae (common)	37.4600	0		0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014), citing Fornaciari et al. (2010) assign Top of COMMON C. erbae as 37.46 Ma according to P?like et al. (2006) cyclostratigraphy (used here).		Priabonian
CNE17	0.4200					FCO Cribrocentrum erbae (common)	37.8800	0		0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014), citing Fornaciari et al. (2010) assign Base of Common (FCO) of C. erbae as 37.88 Ma according to P?like et al. (2006) cyclostratigraphy (used here).		Priabonian
CNE16	0.5417					LAD Sphenolithus obtusus	38.4217	0.98	C18n.1n	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) assign Top of S. obtusus as top of Chron C18n.1n (Chron C18n.1n.98)		Bartonian
CNE15	1.8331					FAD Dictyococcites bisectus	40.2548	0.81	C18r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) assign Base of D. bisectua as Chron C18r.8.		Bartonian
CNE14	1.7786					FCO Cribrocentrum reticulatum (common)	42.0334	0.16	C19r	0.0000		Also called Reticulofenestra reticulata. Agnini et al (2014) calibrate this Base of COMMON (FCO) as Chron C19r.16. IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) cite Berggren et al. (1995) = mid Chron C19r.		Lutetian
CNE13	0.6893					FCO Reticulofenestra umbilicus (common)	42.7227	0.58	C20n	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) assign Base of COMMON R. umblicus as Chron C20n.58 (used here).		Lutetian
CNE12	0.9223					LAD Chiasmolithus gigas	43.6450	0.93	C20r	0.0000		DASH: Poor calibration. Agnini et al. (2014) assign as Chron C20r.93 (used here). IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) cite 44.0 Ma based on Bachman (1986), but chron-age not given. Berggren et al. (1995a) estimate as upper Chron C20r (C20r.7).		Lutetian
CNE11	0.7519					FCO Sphenolithus cuniculus (common)	44.3969	0.66	C20r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) calibrate Base of Common (FCO) S. cuniculus as Chron C20r.66.		Lutetian
CNE10	1.6710					FAD Chiasmolithus gigas	46.0679	0.06	C20r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) and IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 46.1 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2006) or Chron C20r.06 on that CK’95 scale (used here).		Lutetian
CNE9	0.6551					FAD Nannotetrina alata group	46.7230	0.68	C21n	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) citing Agnini et al. (2006) placement at Chron C21n.68 (used here). This is 0.5 myr younger than chron-age of Berggren et al. (1995) =of lower-mid Chron C21n. Nannotetrina fulgens FAD was also here; but ?Nannotetrina alata group: The two species Nannotetrina fulgens and Nannotetrina alata are merged into this group (Spiejer, Sept’19 quoting other studies)		Lutetian
CNE8	1.1264					FAD Nannotetrina cristata	47.8494	0.92	C21r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) draw as 92% up in C21r (used here). Nannotetrina cristata (and Nannotetrina spp.) begins 5 1/2 precession cycles (0.11 myr) above Lutetian GSSP (base of B. inflata) at Lutetian GSSP (Molina et al., 2011). Coincides with LAD of B. piriformis. In contrast, Agnini et al. (2014) and IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned higher as 48.0 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2006) = 93% up in C21r on that scale. This is essentially same as the placement for a general "Nannotetrina" used by Leg 145 with FAD at base of Chron C21n. [Molina et al. (2011)]		Lutetian
CNE7	0.3690					LAD Discoaster lodoensis	48.2184	0.59	C21r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) draw as 59% up in C21r (used here). Agnini et al. (2014) and IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 48.37 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2006) which would be at C21r.59 on that scale (used here). In contrast, ODP Leg 145 assigned 0.4myr higher as just below top of Chron C21r (C21r.95). However, the nannofossils at the Lutetian GSSP (Molina et al., 2011) suggest that the LAD of D. lodoensis continues upward as rare occurrences that are above FAD of N. fulgens (about 1 myr higher!). [ODP Leg 145 Shipboard Scientific Party (1993)]		Lutetian
CNE6	0.5813					FAD Discoaster sublodoensis (5-rayed)	48.7997	0.07	C21r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) assign Base of 5-rayed type as 7% up in C21r (used here), which was 49.0 Ma on C&K’95 scale. In contrast, IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned 0.5myr lower as 49.5 Ma (based on same CK’95 scale) citing the same Agnini et al. (2006) => Chron C21n.3 on that scale, which was just slightly younger than the chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995a) of base of C22n. The Lutetian GSSP nannofossils (Molina et al., Episodes, in press as of 2011) indicate the FAD may be as high as C21n.5.5.		Ypresian
CNE5	1.8462					LAD Tribrachiatus orthostylus	50.6459	0.11	C22r	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 50.66 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2006) => Chron C22r.11; used here; which is essentially same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995a). Eocene nanno "Tri. orthostylus" LAD (= base of Zone NP13) has a poorly defined age, and may be time-transgressive? (see discussion in Berggren, Kent, et al., 1985).		Ypresian
CNE4	2.2841					FCO Discoaster lodoensis (common)	52.9300	0	C24n.1n	0.0000		Agnini et al (2014), citing Dallanave et al (2009) assign Base of COMMON D. lodoensis at 7% up in C24n.1n (but their Fig.8 shows as base C24n.1n -- used here); and use this datum as the base of their Zone CNE4. For NP12 and CP10; Agnini et al. (2014, Fig.8) also re-define to be the COMMON FAD, rather than direct FAD of D. lodoensis => same as base of CNE4 (used here).		Ypresian
CNE3	1.3701					FAD Tribrachiatus orthostylus	54.3001	0.88	C24r	0.0000		Alternate marker for base of NP11 (IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010); Paul Bown to J.Ogg, June 2011). Age assignment by Leg 320-321 of 53.7 Ma (on CK’95 scale) is based on Agnini et al. (2007) = C24r.875 on that CK’95 scale (used here), which is identical to the chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995a).		Ypresian
CNE2	1.2964					LAD Fasciculithus tympaniformis	55.5965	0.47	C24r	0.0000		LAD of Fasciculithus genera. IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 53.1 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at Chron C24r.47 (used here). This is much lower than Leg 145 assignment of ca. Chron C24r.66. But Berggren et al. (1995) had even lower in C24r (55.33 Ma = C24r.23).		Ypresian
CNE1	0.4045					LAD Fasciculithus richardii group	56.0010	0	Ypresian	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2007) placed the abrupt extinction (LAD) of Fasciculithus richardii group at the PETM (used here). This is similar to chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995a) of ca. Chron C24r.3		Ypresian
CNP11	1.2221					FCO Discoaster multiradiatus (common)	57.2231	0.78	C25n	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 56.0 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at Chron C25n.78 (chron placement used here). This is slightly higher than chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995a) of about Chron C25n.4.		Thanetian
CNP10	1.0583					FAD Discoaster backmanii	58.2814	0.52	C25r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2007; 2014) placed FAD of Discoaster backmanii at Chron C25r.52.		Thanetian
CNP9	0.6915					FAD Discoaster mohleri	58.9729	0.95	C26n	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 57.6 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at top of Chron C26n (C26n.95; used here) = same as observed at the Thanetian GSSP and same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995a).		Thanetian
CNP8	0.6290					FAD Heliolithus cantabriae	59.6019	0.88	C26r	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 58.3 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at Chron C29r.88 (used here). This is just slightly higher than chron-age scaling by Berggren et al. (1995a) of ca. Chron C26r.65.		Selandian
CNP7	2.0411					FAD Fasciculithus ulii, 2nd radiation of Fasciculithus	61.6430	0		-0.0200	base Selandian	DASHED: FAD of F. ulii. Cycle strat indicates it is 0.02 myr above Selandian GSSP (used here) (Bernaola et al., 2009). The Selandian GSSP is defined at a sequence boundary 32 precession cycles above base of C26r. BUT, Agnini et al (2014) assign FAD of F. ulii as 20% up in Chron 26r, which would put ca. 0.4 myr OLDER, and put it below base-Selandian.		Selandian
CNP6	0.4525					FAD Sphenolithus moriformis group, S. primus	62.0955	0.06	C26r	0.0000		FAD of Sphenolithus moriformis group assigned as 6% up in C26r by Agnini et al. (2014). S. primus is the first member of the S. moriformis group		Danian
CNP5	1.0588					FCO Toweius pertusus (circular) (common)	63.1543	0.38	C27r	0.0000		FCO (common) of Toweius pertusus (circular) assigned as 38% up (3/8ths) in C27r by Agnini et al. (2014)		Danian
CNP4	0.5046					FAD Prinsius martinii	63.6589	0.89	C28n	0.0000		FAD of P. martini assigned as 89% up in C28n by Agnini et al. (2014)		Danian
CNP3	1.5802					FCO Praeprinsius dimorphosus group (common)	65.2391	0.55	C29n	0.0000		FCO (common) of P. dimorphosus group assigned as 55% up in C29n by Agnini et al. (2014)		Danian
CNP2	0.4609					FAD Coccolithus pelagicus	65.7000	0	C29n	0.0000		FAD of C. pelagicus shown as base of Chron C29n by Agnini et al. (2014, Fig.2)		Danian
CNP1	0.3400					FAD Biantholithus sparsus; Calcisphere FLOOD	66.0400	0	Danian	0.0000		Base of Cenozoic (Chron C29r.5). Zone NP1 begins with the acme of Thoracosphaera (calc. dinoflagellate), or is the interval from the top of the Cretaceous to the FAD of C. tenuis (base of NP2).		Danian
MNN20	0.1400					LAD Pseudoemiliania lacunosa	0.4300	0		0.0000		LAD defines top of NN19, therefore at base of NN20. Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138) and Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926; Backman et al., 2012). Age is recorded slightly older (0.47 myr) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) placed similaly = O-18 stage 12; Chron C1n.4. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Chibanian
			MNN19f	0.5900		FAD Gephyrocapsa sp.3	1.0200	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138). FAD is recorded slightly later (0.97 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) placed similarly = O-18 stage 25; Chron C1r.1r.15 (above Jaramillo). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Chibanian
			MNN19e	0.2300		LAD Gephyrocapsa spp. large (over 5.5 microns), Gephyrocapsa spp. medium (over 4 microns)	1.2500	0		0.0000		Zone CNPL9 is the almost total absence of medium and large Gephyrocapsa morphotypes observed in all ocean basins ("tlG event"). Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138). LAD recorded slightly earlier (1.25 Ma; Backman et al. 2012) at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, and (1.25 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) have same assignment = O-18 stage 37; Chron C1r.3r.97. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Calabrian
			MNN19d	0.3400		FAD Gephyrocapsa spp. large (over 5.5 microns)	1.5900	0		0.0000		blG event" Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This FAD is recorded slightly later (1.46 and 1.56 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 & 138 and in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, respectively (Backman et al., 2012, use Site 926C to assign as 1.59 Ma). Berggren et al. (1995b) assign FAD slightly younger, as upper O-18 stage 48; 1.46-1.48 Ma, therefore at Chron C1r.3r.55.		Calabrian
			MNN19c	0.0100		LAD Calcidiscus macintyrei	1.6000	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Pacific ODP Legs 111 & 138 and Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926 as MIS 58 - 56; lower Chron C1r.3r. This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (1.66 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995) assigns as upper O-18 stage 55; therefore Chron C1r.3r.3. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2); Backman et al., 2012]		Calabrian
			MNN19b	0.1100		FAD Gephyrocapsa spp. medium (over 4 microns)	1.7100	0		0.0000		(=bmG event). Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This FAD is recorded slightly later (1.67 and 1.69 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 & 138 and in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, respectively (Backman et al (2012) assign as 1.71 based on Site 926B). Pleistocene Nanno FAD of this Gephyrocapsa species was called "medium-o" by Berggren, Hilgen et al. (in earlier version of their 1995 GSA paper) and "oceanica s.l." by Leg 145 -- both lists give "Rio et al, in press" as source, and have same age. Berggren et al. (1995) assign as transition O-18 stages59/60; therefore at Chron C1r.3r.15 (above top of Olduvai). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Calabrian
MNN19	1.5000		MNN19a	0.2200		LAD Discoaster brouweri	1.9300	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). This LAD of D. brouweri is recorded slightly earlier (1.95 Ma) in Mediterranean (refs. 11, 22-25), and significantly earlier (2.06 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 and 138. Berggren et al. (1995b) assign in lowermost Olduvai; 1.95 Ma; therefore at base of Chron C2n. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2); Backman et al., 2012)]		Calabrian
MNN18	0.4600					LAD Discoaster pentaradiatus	2.3900	0		0.0000		LAD of D. pentaradiatus (quintatus) defines top of NN17, therefore at base of NN18. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926), which Lourens et al. (2004) and Backman et al. (2012) place as 2.39 Ma. This LAD is recorded earlier (2.51 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) places near Matuyama/Gauss boundary, or at about Chron C2r.3r.25. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Gelasian
MNN17	0.3700					LAD Discoaster tamalis	2.7600	0		0.0000		Lourens et al (GTS2004 table) refers to this LAD as a "subtop". Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926) and eastern Mediterranean; which Backman et al. (2012) assign as 2.76 Ma. This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (2.87 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 and 138. Pliocene nannofossil ’Discoaster tarnalis’ (LAD) occurs at 2.73 Ma in Mediterranean in Berggren et al. (1995b) compilation, with main assignment at about Chron C2An.1n.6 (near top of Gauss). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Gelasian
MNN16	1.0600		MNN16a	1.0600		LAD Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus	3.8200	0		0.0000		This LAD defines top of NN15 (and CNPL3), therefore at base of NN16/CNPL4. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); which Backman et al. (2012) place as 3.82 Ma (used here). This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (3.79 Ma and 3.84 Ma) in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138) and in eastern Mediterranean, respectively. Acccording to Berggren et al. (1995b), Pliocene nannofossil Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (LAD) occurs in Mediterranean at about Chron C2Ar.7 (uppermost part of upper-reversed interval of Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Piacenzian
MNN14/15	0.2200					FCO Discoaster asymmetricus (common)	4.0400	0		0.0000		Lourens et al. (2004) referred to this FCO as a "subbottom". Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138) and in eastern Mediterranean (as 4.12 Ma), which Backman et al. (2012) recalibrate as 4.04 Ma. In Berggren et al. (1995b) compilation, Pliocene nannofossil ’Discoaster asymmetricus’ (FCO) occurs at about Chron C2n.1n.8 (near top of Cochiti, or in upper Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
MNN13	0.8700					FCO Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilica, Discoaster ovata	4.9100	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. Lourens et al. (2004) classify both FADs in Mediterranean as "subbottoms". [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
MNN12	1.0700					LAD Nicklithus amplificus	5.9800	0		0.0000		Genus for amplificus was "Amaurolithus" in Berggren et al. (1995a) table; and had been used as base of "Subzone NN11d". Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This LAD (and LCO) is reported at same time (5.94 Ma in Lourens et al., 2004, but 5.98 Ma in Backman et al., 2012) in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926. The LCO is at 6.12 Ma and 6.14 Ma in Pacific (ODP Legs 11 & 138) and in Mediterranean, respectively. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Messinian
			MNN11c	0.8400		FAD Nicklithus amplificus	6.8200	0		0.0000		Genus for amplificus was "Amaurolithus" in Berggren et al. (1995a) table; and had been used for a Subzone NN11c (and "CN9c") of their zonal scheme. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); which Lourens et al (2004) assigned as 6.91 Ma; but Backman et al (2012) place at 6.82 Ma (used here). This FAD occurs later (6.68 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Messinian
			MNN11b	0.6300		FAD Amaurolithus primus	7.4500	0		0.0000		LAD of Amaurolithus primus is also LAD of genus Amaurolithus. Raffi et al. (GTS2020 assign as 7.45 Ma citing Zeden et al. 2013, with note "Isocronous occurrence in tropical Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans and Mediterranean. Reliablity: A". GTS2012 had: Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This FAD is recorded slightly later (7.36 Ma) in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]; which Backman et al (2012) revise as 7.39 Ma (used here)		Messinian
MNN11	2.8200		MNN11a	1.3500		LCO Reticulofenestera pseudoumbilicus (absence)	8.8000	0		0.0000		This is the beginning of a widespread ABSENCE of this taxa, at low to mid latitudes. "The interval of almost total absence of R. pseudoumbilicus in upper Miocene sediments (the so-called ?R. pseudoumbilicus paracme? or "small Reticulofenestra event") has been observed in different ocean basins, from the tropical Indian, Pacific and Atlantic oceans to the Mediterranean" (Young 1990, Rio et al. 1990, Backman et al., 2012). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Lourens et al (2004) tabulate this "paracme" event with astronomical tuning in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). Nearly simultaneous (8.71 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean, where is defines base of zone MNN11. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Tortonian
			MNN10b	0.5700		FCO Discoaster pentaradiatus (common)	9.3700	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. LAD may be 0.3 myr earlier in Indo-Pacific. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Tortonian
MNN10	0.8100		MNN10a	0.2400		LAD Discoaster hamatus	9.6100	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. LAD occurs slightly earlier (9.69 Ma) at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, which Backman et al. (2012) put as 9.65 Ma (used here). Astronomical age implies approximately Chron C4Ar.2r.5. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Correlations, as indicated by Berggren et al. (1995) were inconsistent; with younger LADs being reported elsewhere in previous literature -- C4Ar.2r.5; 9.4 Ma; or C4A; 8.67 Ma or 9.37 Ma; therefore C4Ar.2r.5 seems best estimate (nearly same as astronomical tuning).		Tortonian
MMN9	1.0300		MMN9b	0.9600		FAD Discoaster bellus gr.	10.6400	0		0.0000		DASHED: Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign as 10.64 (lower Chron C5n, citing Zeeden et al., 2013); but "Later occurrence in eastern Mediterranean (at ~ 10.4 Ma). Reliability: C". Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Tortonian
MMN8	0.0800		MMN8a	0.0800		FCO Helicosphaera stalis (common)	10.7200	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Tortonian
			MNN7c	0.8900		LCO Discoaster kugleri (common)	11.6100	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and simultaneous (11.60 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. This "LCO" of Lourens et al. (2004) and Backman et al. (2012) seems to correspond in calibration to the "LAD" of Berggren et al. (1995a) at middle of Chron C5r.2n.		Tortonian
			MNN7b	0.2700		FCO Discoaster kugleri (common)	11.8800	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and simultaneous (11.90 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] and Backman et al. (2012). This "FCO" of Lourens et al. (2004) seems to correspond in calibration to the "FAD" of Berggren et al. (1995a), which they summarized as approximately lower Chron C5r.3r.		Serravallian
MNN7	1.8500		MNN7a	0.6900		LCO Calcidiscus premacintyrei (common)	12.5700	0		0.0000		Backman et al. (2012) calibrate this as 12.57 Ma relative to cyclostratigraphy of ODP Site 926A (used here). Last "regular" occurrence (LRO) as astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean is slightly later than at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Serravallian
MNN6	1.0904					LAD Sphenolithus heteromorphus	13.6604	0.6	C5ABr	0.0000		"Primary marker" for approximating the base of Serravallian GSSP. Reliability: A. Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign Chron C5ABr.6 (used here; although they round to 13.60 Ma). Astronomically tuned in as slightly higher in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and LAD is assigned as 13.654 Ma in eastern Mediterranean. The offset frorm Serravalian GSSP (13.8 Ma), although only ca. 150 kyr, causes a problem, because this nannofossil S. heteromorphus LAD had been the "primary marker" for base-Serravallian GSSP as placed in the in the Mediterranean region. Berggren et al. (1995a) had a similar chron-age assignment of approximately Chron C5ABr.6. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Serravallian
NC23	2.9550	FAD of M. murus (base of Zone CC25c of Self-Trail’01) assigned by Huber et al’08 as 68.45 Ma (corrected) relative to GTS04 magnetics (upper Chron C31n) = C31n.3 DASH (partly from inconsistencies in their text): Leg 207 assigned as 1.2 myr before end-Cretaceous (arbitrary equal-spacing of FADs of M. murus, N. frequens, and M. prinsii); but SEPM98 placement used in GTS04 was base Chron C31n). DASHED -- Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes).				FADt Micula murus	68.9950	0.3	C31n	0.0000		FAD of M. murus (base of Zone CC25c of Self-Trail’01) assigned by Huber et al’08 as 68.45 Ma (corrected) relative to GTS04 magnetics (upper Chron C31n) = C31n.3 DASH (partly from inconsistencies in their text): Leg 207 assigned as 1.2 myr before end-Cretaceous (arbitrary equal-spacing of FADs of M. murus, N. frequens, and M. prinsii); but SEPM98 placement used in GTS04 was base Chron C31n). DASHED -- Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes).		Maastrichtian
NC22	0.1840	Lowermost Chron C31n, which Huber et al’08 interpolate as 68.70 Ma (GTS scale) = C31n.05. However, Voight et al. (submitted to EPSL, June 2011) put it slightly higher (about C31n.15); therefore C31n.1 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 80% up in B. junior / tegulatus Belemnite Zone (NW Europe) = 68.48 Ma which is about 0.7 myr higher; and Voight ’11 suggests that there is diachroneity. SEPM98 shows as 0.1 myr after M. murus (used here). However, GTS04 diagram (Fig.19.1) places Before (mid-way between M. murus and LAD of R. levis) -- used here for "GTS04".				FADt Lithraphidites quadratus	69.1790	0.1	C31n	0.0000		Lowermost Chron C31n, which Huber et al’08 interpolate as 68.70 Ma (GTS scale) = C31n.05. However, Voight et al. (submitted to EPSL, June 2011) put it slightly higher (about C31n.15); therefore C31n.1 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 80% up in B. junior / tegulatus Belemnite Zone (NW Europe) = 68.48 Ma which is about 0.7 myr higher; and Voight ’11 suggests that there is diachroneity. SEPM98 shows as 0.1 myr after M. murus (used here). However, GTS04 diagram (Fig.19.1) places Before (mid-way between M. murus and LAD of R. levis) -- used here for "GTS04".		Maastrichtian
NC21	2.1248	Also known as Quadrum trifidum (and T. trifidus). Calibrated from uppermost Belem. obtusa (90% up in that Zone is used here) via Sr 87/86 to US Western Interior ages (lower B. grandis). Occurs ~0.75 myr above Tercis GSSP of base-Maastrichtian (used here; and by Huber et al’08 but they cited "Ogg, 2007" which is circular).				LADt Uniplanarius trifidus	71.3038	0.9	Belemnella obtusa BBelZ	0.0000		Also known as Quadrum trifidum (and T. trifidus). Calibrated from uppermost Belem. obtusa (90% up in that Zone is used here) via Sr 87/86 to US Western Interior ages (lower B. grandis). Occurs ~0.75 myr above Tercis GSSP of base-Maastrichtian (used here; and by Huber et al’08 but they cited "Ogg, 2007" which is circular).		Maastrichtian
NC20	5.4618	Also known as Quadrum trifidum. Huber et al’08 review and conclude C33n.55 (used here) is best calibration (76.29 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics; although their text says "C33n.65" -- we assumed their age model was correct, not text). Bralower et al. (1995) suggest this is coeval with FAD of foraminifer G. calcarata (about 0.8 myr younger), which may indicate uncertainty in Campanian inter-correlations. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as base of Late Campanian (base D. nebrascense zone). Slighly below base-Calcarata in Tanzania (Petrizzo et al’11).				FADt Uniplanarius trifidum	76.7656	0.55	C33n	0.0000		Also known as Quadrum trifidum. Huber et al’08 review and conclude C33n.55 (used here) is best calibration (76.29 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics; although their text says "C33n.65" -- we assumed their age model was correct, not text). Bralower et al. (1995) suggest this is coeval with FAD of foraminifer G. calcarata (about 0.8 myr younger), which may indicate uncertainty in Campanian inter-correlations. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as base of Late Campanian (base D. nebrascense zone). Slighly below base-Calcarata in Tanzania (Petrizzo et al’11).		Campanian
NC19	2.3645	Just above base of C. plummera Foram Zone according to M. Petrizzo (June 2011 workshop notes) => assigned here as 0.2 myr above. This FAD age-projection is very similar from estimate in ODP 171/207, which had coincided with mid-B. perplexus (late) zone.				FADt Ceratolithoides aculeus	79.1301	0		-0.2000	FAD Contusotruncana plummerae	Just above base of C. plummera Foram Zone according to M. Petrizzo (June 2011 workshop notes) => assigned here as 0.2 myr above. This FAD age-projection is very similar from estimate in ODP 171/207, which had coincided with mid-B. perplexus (late) zone.		Campanian
NC18	3.6559	DASHED -- Base of NC18 and CC18 at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) is ca. 20% up in Gt. elevata Foram Zone (used here). They divide CC18 into 2 subzones on chart, but definition missing. In contrast, Burnett’98 schematically showed much higher as about 40% up in S. hippocrepis III Zone of N. Amer. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 3/10 up in S. hippocrepis I Zone. Subzone UC14a is very brief. Also called "Aspidolithus parcus parcus" in some schemes. Base of preceeding B. parcus expansus is probably the "parca" one just above the boundary, and parca-parca occurs higher (J. Bergen 2005 pers. Commun.).				FADt Broinsonia parca parca	82.7860	0.2	Globotruncanita elevata pfZ	0.0000		DASHED -- Base of NC18 and CC18 at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) is ca. 20% up in Gt. elevata Foram Zone (used here). They divide CC18 into 2 subzones on chart, but definition missing. In contrast, Burnett’98 schematically showed much higher as about 40% up in S. hippocrepis III Zone of N. Amer. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 3/10 up in S. hippocrepis I Zone. Subzone UC14a is very brief. Also called "Aspidolithus parcus parcus" in some schemes. Base of preceeding B. parcus expansus is probably the "parca" one just above the boundary, and parca-parca occurs higher (J. Bergen 2005 pers. Commun.).		Campanian
NC17	3.0415	Assigned here as ca. 85% up in Magadiceramus crenelatus inoceramid zone, based on Ten Mile Creek candidate for base-Santonian (although base of that zone is not established). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about base of P. serratomarginatus ammonite Zone. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 assigned FAD nearly 2 myr Higher -- just below top of C. saxitonianus-I. undulatoplicatus Zone in mid-Santonian !! A lowermost-Santonian or uppermost-Coniacian (depending on future definition, and correlation to W.Interior ammonite usage) is supported by base-Santonian GSSP study, where L. cayeuxii is above base-D. asymetrica Foram Zone (the working definition of base-Santonian here; although age-calibration is uncertain), and just below the proposed macrofossil definition. Estimates (SEPM, Leg 171/207) seem to converge on placement at Middle/Early Santonian boundary (base of C. vermiformis zone). SEPM’98 had assigned Just above (0.1 myr) the LAD of S. septenarius; but order is opposite in Burnett’s UC system.				FADt Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii	85.8275	0.85	Magadiceramus crenelatus WInoZ	0.0000		Assigned here as ca. 85% up in Magadiceramus crenelatus inoceramid zone, based on Ten Mile Creek candidate for base-Santonian (although base of that zone is not established). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about base of P. serratomarginatus ammonite Zone. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 assigned FAD nearly 2 myr Higher -- just below top of C. saxitonianus-I. undulatoplicatus Zone in mid-Santonian !! A lowermost-Santonian or uppermost-Coniacian (depending on future definition, and correlation to W.Interior ammonite usage) is supported by base-Santonian GSSP study, where L. cayeuxii is above base-D. asymetrica Foram Zone (the working definition of base-Santonian here; although age-calibration is uncertain), and just below the proposed macrofossil definition. Estimates (SEPM, Leg 171/207) seem to converge on placement at Middle/Early Santonian boundary (base of C. vermiformis zone). SEPM’98 had assigned Just above (0.1 myr) the LAD of S. septenarius; but order is opposite in Burnett’s UC system.		Santonian
NC16	1.3485	DASHED as 60% up in Coniacian using relative scaling at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15). Same as "Micula decussata". FAD is Late/Middle Coniacian boundary in Leg 171 and Tethyan SEPM column; BUT placed at Middle/Early Coniacian in Boreal SEPM column. Burnett’98 assigns as essentially at base of P. tridorsatum Zone, which would be closer to Boreal				FADt Micula staurophora	87.1760	0.6	Coniacian	0.0000		DASHED as 60% up in Coniacian using relative scaling at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15). Same as "Micula decussata". FAD is Late/Middle Coniacian boundary in Leg 171 and Tethyan SEPM column; BUT placed at Middle/Early Coniacian in Boreal SEPM column. Burnett’98 assigns as essentially at base of P. tridorsatum Zone, which would be closer to Boreal		Coniacian
NC15	2.6840	DOTTED using SEPM’98 chart that had FAD as base of S. nigricollensis; but Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) show as ca. 90% up in Turonian. However, 85% up in Turonian would be more appropriate (and would fit the ammonite zone), because Huber’s email on D. concavata Foram Zone (which is also ca. 90% up in Turonian at Gubbio) requires that base CC13 be below base o that zone.				FADt Marthasterites furcatus	89.8600	0	Scaphites nigricollensis WAZ	0.0000		DOTTED using SEPM’98 chart that had FAD as base of S. nigricollensis; but Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) show as ca. 90% up in Turonian. However, 85% up in Turonian would be more appropriate (and would fit the ammonite zone), because Huber’s email on D. concavata Foram Zone (which is also ca. 90% up in Turonian at Gubbio) requires that base CC13 be below base o that zone.		Coniacian
NC14	0.5000	DASH: Burnett’98 "FO of consistently-occurring K. magnificus lies areound the FO of E. eximius." (used here) Not in Leg 207 table or SEPM chart; but highlighted by Bralower-Leckie as base of NC14 with assigned age of 91.8 Ma (using Gradstein et al., 1994 scale), which projects as 5% up in C. woollgari Zone. However, FAD ranges as low as lower-Lower Turonian and as high as lower-Middle Turonian (Sudeep Kanungo, UCL thesis, June 2005; and pers. commun., Oct 2005 at EGI]				FADt Kamptnerius magnificus	90.3600	0		0.0000	FADt Eiffellithus eximius	DASH: Burnett’98 "FO of consistently-occurring K. magnificus lies areound the FO of E. eximius." (used here) Not in Leg 207 table or SEPM chart; but highlighted by Bralower-Leckie as base of NC14 with assigned age of 91.8 Ma (using Gradstein et al., 1994 scale), which projects as 5% up in C. woollgari Zone. However, FAD ranges as low as lower-Lower Turonian and as high as lower-Middle Turonian (Sudeep Kanungo, UCL thesis, June 2005; and pers. commun., Oct 2005 at EGI]		Turonian
NC13	3.5400	DOTTED -- LAD of P. asper (R. asper) is used by Bralower et al (1995) to define base of NC13. Base of Turonian at Gubbio (Coccioni and Silva’15; used here). Burnett’98 assigns LAD of P. asper as base of B. clydense Zone for her subzone; providing a tie to Tethyan zonations; although J. Bergen assigned this LAD in lower Turonian (above LAD of M. chiastius). Leg 171B has a cluster of LADs (C. kennedyi, R. asper, A. albianus) at ~0.4 myr below top of Cenomanian (ammonite zone?); but separated here, even though they occur quite close together.				LADt Rhagodiscus asper	93.9000	0	Turonian	0.0000		DOTTED -- LAD of P. asper (R. asper) is used by Bralower et al (1995) to define base of NC13. Base of Turonian at Gubbio (Coccioni and Silva’15; used here). Burnett’98 assigns LAD of P. asper as base of B. clydense Zone for her subzone; providing a tie to Tethyan zonations; although J. Bergen assigned this LAD in lower Turonian (above LAD of M. chiastius). Leg 171B has a cluster of LADs (C. kennedyi, R. asper, A. albianus) at ~0.4 myr below top of Cenomanian (ammonite zone?); but separated here, even though they occur quite close together.		Turonian
NC12	0.0800	Bralower et al (1995) uses LAD of A. albianus for base of NC12. LAD of Albianus is above LAD of foraminifer Cushmani (Petrizzo, UCL Cret foram-nanno workshop; June 2011) => put arbitrary 0.05 myr above that Foram LAD (used here; because Gubbio chart of Coccioni-Silva shows as same level). This is close to placement in Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 85% up in M. geslinianum Zone -- which switches the "usual observed" sequence of LAD of A. albianus occurring AFTER the LAD of R. asper (which is the basis of separate NK zones)				LADt Axopodorhabdus albianus	93.9800	0		-0.0500	LAD Rotalipora cushmani	Bralower et al (1995) uses LAD of A. albianus for base of NC12. LAD of Albianus is above LAD of foraminifer Cushmani (Petrizzo, UCL Cret foram-nanno workshop; June 2011) => put arbitrary 0.05 myr above that Foram LAD (used here; because Gubbio chart of Coccioni-Silva shows as same level). This is close to placement in Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 85% up in M. geslinianum Zone -- which switches the "usual observed" sequence of LAD of A. albianus occurring AFTER the LAD of R. asper (which is the basis of separate NK zones)		Cenomanian
NC11		DOTTED -- Rare, and difficult to use (comments at UCL Cret. nanno-foram workshop; June 2011). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 60% up in M. geslinianum Zone which was similar to SEPM placment of LAD assigned as ~0.5 myr below top of Cenomanian. BUT, that would conflict with base of NC12, wihch is better calibrated => DOTTED artibrary as midway between LADs of A. albianus and LAD of Cretarabdus striatus (Burnett’s marker for underlying subzone in her zonation)				LADt Lithraphidites acutus		0.5	UCt4 to UCt5	0.0000		DOTTED -- Rare, and difficult to use (comments at UCL Cret. nanno-foram workshop; June 2011). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 60% up in M. geslinianum Zone which was similar to SEPM placment of LAD assigned as ~0.5 myr below top of Cenomanian. BUT, that would conflict with base of NC12, wihch is better calibrated => DOTTED artibrary as midway between LADs of A. albianus and LAD of Cretarabdus striatus (Burnett’s marker for underlying subzone in her zonation)		Cenomanian
NC10		2 events are used, depending on morphotype. Small is earlier. Large (USED HERE) is base of M. fallax ammonite zone at Col de Palluel (Gale et al., 2011) (used here, because have cycle-strat for that foram zone). Bown’98 has schematically shown as 90% up in M. inflatum Zone, which is same numerical-age level. Bralower-Leckie, 1997, had put slightly lower -- coeval with FAD of foraminifer R. ticinensis. SEPM’98 assigned Boreal FAD as 7/10 up in E. loricatus Z., E. meandrinus s.z. or Tropical as just below (0.15 myr) the base of H. orbignyi subzone.				FADt Eiffellithus turriseiffelii	103.1325	0	Pervinquieria fallax TAZ	0.0000		2 events are used, depending on morphotype. Small is earlier. Large (USED HERE) is base of M. fallax ammonite zone at Col de Palluel (Gale et al., 2011) (used here, because have cycle-strat for that foram zone). Bown’98 has schematically shown as 90% up in M. inflatum Zone, which is same numerical-age level. Bralower & et al. 1995, had put it slightly lower -- coeval with FAD of foraminifer R. ticinensis. SEPM’98 assigned Boreal FAD as 7/10 up in E. loricatus Z., E. meandrinus s.z. or Tropical as just below (0.15 myr) the base of H. orbignyi subzone.		Cenomanian
			NC9b	4.4550	Coeval with FAD of foraminifer B. breggiensis by Bralower-Leckie (but see note on calibration of that datum). Called E. cf. E. eximius in Bralower-Leckie chart. Age assigned as 105 Ma in Leg 207 table (note on SEPM chart) => assigned as mid-A. intermedius ammonite subzone	FADt Eiffellithus monechiae	107.5875	0		0.0000	FAD Biticinella breggiensis	Coeval with FAD of foraminifer B. breggiensis by Bralower-Leckie (but see note on calibration of that datum). Called E. cf. E. eximius in Bralower-Leckie chart. Age assigned as 105 Ma in Leg 207 table (note on SEPM chart) => assigned as mid-A. intermedius ammonite subzone		Albian
NC9	6.8040	Base of nannofossil A. albianus (called P. albianus in Grippo et al., 2004) is 23.3 long-eccentricity cycles below top of Albian (9.5 myr) => 109.1 Ma. This projects to base of P. steinmanni ammonite subzone, rather than to 7/10 up in D. mammillatum Z., P. steinmanni s.z. of SEPM98 column.	NC9a	2.3490	Base of nannofossil A. albianus (called P. albianus in Grippo et al., 2004) is 23.3 long-eccentricity cycles below top of Albian (9.5 myr) => 109.1 Ma. This projects to base of P. steinmanni ammonite subzone, rather than to 7/10 up in D. mammillatum Z., P. steinmanni s.z. of SEPM98 column.	FADt Axopodorhabdus albianus	109.9365	0		9.4365	base Cenomanian	Base of nannofossil A. albianus (called ?P.? albianus in Grippo et al., 2004) is 23.3 long-eccentricity cycles below top of Albian (9.5 myr) => 109.1 Ma. This projects to base of P. steinmanni ammonite subzone, rather than to 7/10 up in D. mammillatum Z., P. steinmanni s.z. of SEPM98 column.		Albian
			NC8c	0.7898	Nomenclature is "phacelosus" in older literature, but others seem to be using "orionatus" now (e.g., Bralower, Burnett). Bralower-Leckie charts places this FAD in middle of T. primula Foram Zone, but this would be inconsistent with cycle-scaling of overlying FAD of A. albianus (base of next higher NC zone), therefore placed at 25% up in this table. SEPM’98 had assigned Tranolithus "phacelosus" FAD as 7/10 up in D. mammillatum Z., P. steinmanni s.z., or at same level as FAD of Axopodo. albianus.	FADt Tranolithus orionatus (=T. phacelosus)	110.7263	0.25	Ticinella primula pfZ	0.0000		Nomenclature is "phacelosus" in older literature, but others seem to be using "orionatus" now (e.g., Bralower, Burnett). Bralower-Leckie charts places this FAD in middle of T. primula Foram Zone, but this would be inconsistent with cycle-scaling of overlying FAD of A. albianus (base of next higher NC zone), therefore placed at 25% up in this table. SEPM’98 had assigned Tranolithus "phacelosus" FAD as 7/10 up in D. mammillatum Z., P. steinmanni s.z., or at same level as FAD of Axopodo. albianus.		Albian
			NC8b	1.9237	FAD is 30 cycles of 405 kyr below base of Cenomanian in Piobbico core (Huang et al., 2010). GTS04 = Middle of H. planispira Foram Zone (LAD of T. bejaouensis to FAD of T. primula) on Bralower-Leckie (GSA Bull., 1997) chart. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as top of N. nolani Z., D. nodosocostatum s.z.	FADt Hayesites albiensis	112.6500	0		12.1500	base Cenomanian	FAD is 30 cycles of 405 kyr below base of Cenomanian in Piobbico core (Huang et al., 2010). GTS04 = Middle of H. planispira Foram Zone (LAD of T. bejaouensis to FAD of T. primula) on Bralower-Leckie (GSA Bull., 1997) chart. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as top of N. nolani Z., D. nodosocostatum s.z.		Albian
			NC8a	0.3038	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend of subcircular to circular. Base of this more circular P. columnata is assumed to be the one used in Piobbico (which fits their interpretation of Kilian) = 30.75 long-eccentricity cycles below top of Albian (12.45 myr) => 112.95 Ma = working definition for base of Albian. (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15)." SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it)	FADt Prediscosphaera columnata (circular)	112.9538	0		12.4538	base Cenomanian	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend of subcircular to circular. Base of this more circular P. columnata is assumed to be the one used in Piobbico (which fits their interpretation of Kilian) = 30.75 long-eccentricity cycles below top of Albian (12.45 myr) => 112.95 Ma = working definition for base of Albian. (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15)." SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it)		Albian
NC8	3.8475	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend subcircular to circular. In Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015, place it below base-Albian) at E32.8 cycles below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here). Base of this subcircular P. columnata using Kennedy et al. (2014; who used this "A*" designation) is just above top of Jacob black shale (0.1myr used here). (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!) SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15).	NC8a*	0.8302	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend subcircular to circular. In Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015, place it below base-Albian) at E32.8 cycles below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here). Base of this subcircular P. columnata using Kennedy et al. (2014; who used this "A*" designation) is just above top of Jacob black shale (0.1myr used here). (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!) SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15).	FADt Prediscosphaera columnata (subcircular)	113.7840	0		13.2840	base Cenomanian	DOTTED -- has taxonomy problems in the transitional trend subcircular to circular. In Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015, place it below base-Albian) at E32.8 cycles below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here). Base of this subcircular P. columnata using Kennedy et al. (2014; who used this "A*" designation) is just above top of Jacob black shale (0.1myr used here). (Primary control on Aptian-Albian interval!) SEPM’98 has assigned as FAD as 2/10 up in L. tardefurcata Z., L. schrammeni s.z.; but coincides at Vohrum, Germany (used to set it). Herrle et al (2004): "The FO of the calcareous nannofossil Prediscosphaera columnata (marking the base of NC8A) in the Upper Aptian seems to be diachronous with respect to the carbon isotope stratigraphy, occurring earlier (V1.4 Ma) in the uppermost part of Ap13 at the Mazagan Plateau record than in the Vocontian Basin (upper part of Ap15).		Albian
			NC7b	4.4874	90% of G. ferrolensis Foram Zone (Bergen & Sikora), which is 90% between LAD of L. cabri and FAD of G. algeriana; which is about 2 myr higher than what would be implied by Leg 207 table relative placement. Not on SEPM chart. NOTE: LAD is just below (0.2 myr) the top of N. nolani Z., D. nodosocostatum s.z. (based on Leg 171 projected 114.2 Ma relative to 114.0 for FAD H. albiensis). But, LAD on Leg 207 table was assigned as 3/4th up in D. furcata zone (based on projected placement of 117.3 Ma in Leg 207 table)	LADt Micrantholithus hoschulzii	118.2714	0.9	Globigerinelloides ferreolensis pfZ	0.0000		90% of G. ferrolensis Foram Zone (Bergen & Sikora), which is 90% between LAD of L. cabri and FAD of G. algeriana; which is about 2 myr higher than what would be implied by Leg 207 table relative placement. Not on SEPM chart. NOTE: LAD is just below (0.2 myr) the top of N. nolani Z., D. nodosocostatum s.z. (based on Leg 171 projected 114.2 Ma relative to 114.0 for FAD H. albiensis). But, LAD on Leg 207 table was assigned as 3/4th up in D. furcata zone (based on projected placement of 117.3 Ma in Leg 207 table)		Aptian
NC7	5.6174	CC 7a / 7b base of 7b defined by FO of E. floralis (J. Mutterlose email, Dec’19) [Was FAD of R. gallagheri/angustus in GTS2012]. Base E. floralis (base NC7a) in Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015) is at E46 2/3rd below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here) = base of "C7" interval of Aptian C13 curve = just above main OAE1a. This is about 2/3rds up in L.cabri foram zone (in broad sense) = "Nannoconid Return event" (Erba, 2004, Marine Micro). GTS04 = 121.9 Ma (2.1 myr above base-Aptian) (was 119.0 Ma in Leckie’s chart), which sets base of D. furcata Zone. Time-control point for scaling E. Aptian. SEPM’98 had FAD projected to 8/10 up in D. forbesi Zone (= D. weisi) on SEPM chart; but now projects much higher (base of D. furcata Zone)	NC7a	1.1300	CC 7a / 7b base of 7b defined by FO of E. floralis (J. Mutterlose email, Dec’19) [Was FAD of R. gallagheri/angustus in GTS2012]. Base E. floralis (base NC7a) in Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015) is at E46 2/3rd below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here) = base of "C7" interval of Aptian C13 curve = just above main OAE1a. This is about 2/3rds up in L.cabri foram zone (in broad sense) = "Nannoconid Return event" (Erba, 2004, Marine Micro). GTS04 = 121.9 Ma (2.1 myr above base-Aptian) (was 119.0 Ma in Leckie’s chart), which sets base of D. furcata Zone. Time-control point for scaling E. Aptian. SEPM’98 had FAD projected to 8/10 up in D. forbesi Zone (= D. weisi) on SEPM chart; but now projects much higher (base of D. furcata Zone)	FADt Eprolithus floralis	119.4014	0		18.9014	base Cenomanian	CC 7a / 7b base of 7b defined by FO of E. floralis (J. Mutterlose email, Dec’19) [Was FAD of R. gallagheri/angustus in GTS2012]. Base E. floralis (base NC7a) in Piobbico Core (Bottini and Erba, 2015) is at E46 2/3rd below base Cenomanian (Wendy Zhang et al., re-analysis of Huang’s cycles, used here) = base of "C7" interval of Aptian C13 curve = just above main OAE1a. This is about 2/3rds up in L.cabri foram zone (in broad sense) = "Nannoconid Return event" (Erba, 2004, Marine Micro). GTS04 = 121.9 Ma (2.1 myr above base-Aptian) (was 119.0 Ma in Leckie’s chart), which sets base of D. furcata Zone. Time-control point for scaling E. Aptian. SEPM’98 had FAD projected to 8/10 up in D. forbesi Zone (= D. weisi) on SEPM chart; but now projects much higher (base of D. furcata Zone)		Aptian
			NC6b	1.1114	20% up in D. weissi (J. Bergen assignment; based on La Bedoule-Cassis section). SEPM’98 has assigned as Probably equivalent to C. mexicana of some nannofossil wokers (J. Bergen, pers. commu., 2005). Not on SEPM chart; but Leg 207 table implies an age about 0.5 myr older than FAD of E. floralis.	LADt Conusphaera rothii	120.5128	0.2	Deshayesites forbesi TAZ	0.0000		20% up in D. weissi [=D. forbesi TAZ] (J. Bergen assignment; based on La Bedoule-Cassis section). SEPM’98 has assigned as Probably equivalent to C. mexicana of some nannofossil wokers (J. Bergen, pers. commu., 2005). Not on SEPM chart; but Leg 207 table implies an age about 0.5 myr older than FAD of E. floralis.		Aptian
NC6	2.1178	Mutterlose 29Dec2019 GTS2020 chart "FO of Hayesites irregularis slightly earlier, it pre-dates MOr; 2-3 mm below MOr. This event also defines the base of Nanno CC7". Also called Rucinolithus irregularis. 95% up in Chron M1n used here (same as in GTS2016). SEPM’98 had assigned a similar below (0.1 myr) the base of Aptian.	NC6a	1.0064	Mutterlose 29Dec2019 GTS2020 chart "FO of Hayesites irregularis slightly earlier, it pre-dates MOr; 2-3 mm below MOr. This event also defines the base of Nanno CC7". Also called Rucinolithus irregularis. 95% up in Chron M1n used here (same as in GTS2016). SEPM’98 had assigned a similar below (0.1 myr) the base of Aptian.	FADt Hayesites irregularis	121.5192	0.95	M1n	0.0000		Mutterlose 29Dec2019 GTS2020 chart "FO of Hayesites irregularis slightly earlier, it pre-dates MOr; 2-3 mm below MOr. This event also defines the base of Nanno CC7". Also called Rucinolithus irregularis. 95% up in Chron M1n used here (same as in GTS2016). SEPM’98 had assigned a similar below (0.1 myr) the base of Aptian.		Aptian
			NC5e	0.3072	ca. 40% up in I. giraudi zone (Mutterlose, GTS2020 chart, used here). GTS2016 was identical at 50% up in Chron M1n (Bralower, 1993). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD is 1/10 up in A. vandenheckii Z.	FADt Flabellites oblongus (consistent)	121.8264	0.4	Imerites giraudi TAZ	0.0000		ca. 40% up in I. giraudi zone (Mutterlose, GTS2020 chart, used here). GTS2016 was identical at 50% up in Chron M1n (Bralower, 1993). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD is 1/10 up in A. vandenheckii Z.		Barremian
			NC5d	3.5983	ca. 40% up in N. nicklesi zone (Mutterlose, GTS2020 chart, used here). GTS2016 had slightly higher at 35% up in Chron M3r (merger of Bralower’s and Bergen’s placements). SEPM’98 had assigned as Base of Chron M3r; but LAD was middle of H. caillaudianus Z. in France.	LADt Calcicalathina oblongata	125.4247	0.4	Kotetishvilia nicklesi TAZ	0.0000		ca. 40% up in N. nicklesi zone (Mutterlose, GTS2020 chart, used here). GTS2016 had slightly higher at 35% up in Chron M3r (merger of Bralower’s and Bergen’s placements). SEPM’98 had assigned as Base of Chron M3r; but LAD was middle of H. caillaudianus Z. in France.		Barremian
			NC5b	1.1530	FAD of Assipetra terebrodentarius added by Jorg Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart; 29Dec2019) as "1 mm (on chart) below the base of the Tav. hugii zone" => put as 90% up in Ps. ohmi (uppermost Haut) here. Previously, a combined Rucinolithus terebrodentarius, Ruc. windleyae FAD was (GTS2016) at 25% up in Criioceratites krenkeli subzone of B. balearis zone in France (Martinez et al., 2015). GTS2012 had similar at upper (80% up) Chron M7n. Before, had as Middle of Chron M7r (J. Bergen), which is slightly lower (0.4 myr) than placement on SEPM chart. The two taxa are combined by some specialists. Bralower subdivides NC5 with this datum. SEPM’98 had assigned as Base of Chron M6r when correlated with Italian magnetostratigraphy or just below the top of B. balearis Z. when correlated with French ammonites (which are similar placements, when using the GTS2004 time scale). Now, we deleted the R. windleyae event entirely; pending decision on its age.	FADt Assipetra terebrodentarius	126.5777	0.9	Pseudothurmannia ohmi TAZ	0.0000		FAD of Assipetra terebrodentarius added by Jorg Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart; 29Dec2019) as "1 mm (on chart) below the base of the Tav. hugii zone" => put as 90% up in Ps. ohmi (uppermost Haut) here. Previously, a combined Rucinolithus terebrodentarius, Ruc. windleyae FAD was (GTS2016) at 25% up in Criioceratites krenkeli subzone of B. balearis zone in France (Martinez et al., 2015). GTS2012 had similar at upper (80% up) Chron M7n. Before, had as Middle of Chron M7r (J. Bergen), which is slightly lower (0.4 myr) than placement on SEPM chart. The two taxa are combined by some specialists. Bralower subdivides NC5 with this datum. SEPM’98 had assigned as Base of Chron M6r when correlated with Italian magnetostratigraphy or just below the top of B. balearis Z. when correlated with French ammonites (which are similar placements, when using the GTS2004 time scale). Now, we deleted the R. windleyae event entirely; pending decision on its age.		Barremian
			NC5c	0.6925	DASH: Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) has essentially as base of P. ohmi zone (used here). NOTE that Mutterlose now places the marker for NC5"c" below NC5"b"! GTS2016 had slightly higher at near base of Pseudothurmannia catulloi subzone in S. France (Martinez et al., 2015). Middle (75%) of Chron M5r [Bralower] = nearly same. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD as 6/10 up in P. angulicostata auct. Z.	LADt Lithraphidites bollii	127.2702	0	Pseudothurmannia ohmi TAZ	0.0000		DASH: Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) has essentially as base of P. ohmi zone (used here). NOTE that Mutterlose now places the marker for NC5"c" below NC5"b"! GTS2016 had slightly higher at near base of Pseudothurmannia catulloi subzone in S. France (Martinez et al., 2015). Middle (75%) of Chron M5r [Bralower] = nearly same. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD as 6/10 up in P. angulicostata auct. Z.		Hauterivian
NC5	7.3021	DASH: Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart; 29Dec2020) places at ca. base of Pl. ligatus Tethyan zone (used here). GTS2016 had at 55% up in underlying S. sayni Zone, following SEPM’98.	NC5a	1.5511	DASH: Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart; 29Dec2020) places at ca. base of Pl. ligatus Tethyan zone (used here). GTS2016 had at 55% up in underlying S. sayni Zone, following SEPM’98.	LADt Cruciellipsis cuvillieri	128.8213	0	Pleisiospitidiscus ligatus TAZ	0.0000		DASH: Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart; 29Dec2020) places at ca. base of Pl. ligatus Tethyan zone (used here). GTS2016 had at 55% up in underlying S. sayni Zone, following SEPM’98.		Barremian
			NC4b	2.2620	DASHED -- Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) puts as ca. 50% up in O. jennoti; which is slightly higher than GTS2016 of ca. 25% up in O.jennoti subzone of C. loryi zone in French sections (was 25% up in C. loryi Zone in GTS2012). Bralower uses this to subdivide NC4, but it seems that "strict" base of some versions of NC4 (final LAD of T. verenae, rather than "highest common") is ABOVE this L. bollii FAD. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD as 2/10 up in C. loryi Z.	FADt Lithraphidites bollii	131.0833	0.5	Olcostephanus jeannoti TAsZ	0.0000		DASHED -- Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart) puts as ca. 50% up in O. jeannoti; which is slightly higher than GTS2016 of ca. 25% up in O.jennoti subzone of C. loryi zone in French sections (was 25% up in C. loryi Zone in GTS2012). Bralower uses this to subdivide NC4, but it seems that "strict" base of some versions of NC4 (final LAD of T. verenae, rather than "highest common") is ABOVE this L. bollii FAD. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD as 2/10 up in C. loryi Z.		Hauterivian
NC4	4.2687	DASHED --Placed at base 0f C. furcillata Tethyan Ammon Zone by Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart, 29Dec2019; used here). Defines base of NC4, but difficult to pinpoint LAD, so LAD of "common" is used in some zonations (e.g., Charbonnier et al., 2013, Martinez et al., 2015) -- and is in uppermost O. nicklesi ammonite subzone in south France (19% up in Cycle V11; Martinez et al., 2015, supplement; used here). Final LAD has an approximation in mid-Hauterivian (arbitrarily put at 40% of S. sayni Zone here to avoid overlap with NC5). SEPM’98 had assigned as Middle of H. trinodosum s.z. (of N. pachydicranus Zone). With revised zonal scheme, this essentially is base of C. furcillata subzone.	NC4a	2.0067	DASHED --Placed at base 0f C. furcillata Tethyan Ammon Zone by Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart, 29Dec2019; used here). Defines base of NC4, but difficult to pinpoint LAD, so LAD of "common" is used in some zonations (e.g., Charbonnier et al., 2013, Martinez et al., 2015) -- and is in uppermost O. nicklesi ammonite subzone in south France (19% up in Cycle V11; Martinez et al., 2015, supplement; used here). Final LAD has an approximation in mid-Hauterivian (arbitrarily put at 40% of S. sayni Zone here to avoid overlap with NC5). SEPM’98 had assigned as Middle of H. trinodosum s.z. (of N. pachydicranus Zone). With revised zonal scheme, this essentially is base of C. furcillata subzone.	LADt Tubodiscus verenae (common)	133.0900	0	Criosarasinella furcillata TAZ	0.0000		DASHED --Placed at base 0f C. furcillata Tethyan Ammon Zone by Mutterlose (GTS2020 chart, 29Dec2019; used here). Defines base of NC4, but difficult to pinpoint LAD, so LAD of "common" is used in some zonations (e.g., Charbonnier et al., 2013, Martinez et al., 2015) -- and is in uppermost O. nicklesi ammonite subzone in south France (19% up in Cycle V11; Martinez et al., 2015, supplement; used here). Final LAD has an approximation in mid-Hauterivian (arbitrarily put at 40% of S. sayni Zone here to avoid overlap with NC5). SEPM’98 had assigned as Middle of H. trinodosum s.z. (of N. pachydicranus Zone). With revised zonal scheme, this essentially is base of C. furcillata subzone.		Hauterivian
			NC3b	2.2680	Base of Nanno Zone "NK3b" in French usage = 26% up in Cycle V6 in France (Martinez et al., 2015, supplement table) -- used here; which is essentially the base of S. verrucosum ammonite zone (Jorg Mutterlose; GTS2020 chart, 29Dec2020)	LADt Rucinolithus wisei	135.3580	0.26	V6 Martinez_cycle	0.0000		Base of Nanno Zone "NK3b" in French usage = 26% up in Cycle V6 in France (Martinez et al., 2015, supplement table) -- used here; which is essentially the base of S. verrucosum ammonite zone (Jorg Mutterlose; GTS2020 chart, 29Dec2020)		Valanginian
NC3	4.3173	Just above Berr/Val boundary according to south France (Charbonnier et al. 2013; Martinez et al., 2015) -- set as 35% up in Chron M14r here. This is slightly higher than the "21% up in cycle V1" (Martinez et al., 2015) using Charbonnier et al (2013) adjustment of their basal Valanginian cycle. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 7/10 up in T. otopeta Zone, which would shift to Berriasian, due to working-group change in boundary.	NC3a	2.0493	Just above Berr/Val boundary according to south France (Charbonnier et al. 2013; Martinez et al., 2015) -- set as 35% up in Chron M14r here. This is slightly higher than the "21% up in cycle V1" (Martinez et al., 2015) using Charbonnier et al (2013) adjustment of their basal Valanginian cycle. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 7/10 up in T. otopeta Zone, which would shift to Berriasian, due to working-group change in boundary.	FADt Calcicalathina oblongata	137.4073	0.35	M14r	0.0000		Just above Berr/Val boundary according to south France (Charbonnier et al. 2013; Martinez et al., 2015) -- set as 35% up in Chron M14r here. This is slightly higher than the "21% up in cycle V1" (Martinez et al., 2015) using Charbonnier et al (2013) adjustment of their basal Valanginian cycle. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 7/10 up in T. otopeta Zone, which would shift to Berriasian, due to working-group change in boundary.		Valanginian
			NC2b	1.0767	Base of T. alpillensis Zone (Jorg Mutterlose; GTS2020 chart, 29Dec2020). This FAD is used to subdivide NC2 (called NK2) to 2a/2b in scheme of Bralower et al. (1995). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as base of T. alpillensis subzone	FADt Percivalia fenestrata	138.4840	0	Tirnovella alpillensis TAZ	0.0000		Base of T. alpillensis Zone (Jorg Mutterlose; GTS2020 chart, 29Dec2020). This FAD is used to subdivide NC2 (called NK2) to 2a/2b in scheme of Bralower et al. (1995). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as base of T. alpillensis subzone		Berriasian
NC2	3.7167	FO of Retecapsa angustiforata in Calp. elliptica zone (Jorg Mutterlose; GTS2020 chart email 29Dec2019) => put mid-way in M17r. This is also the base of the CC2 zone. Previously put at Base of P. grandis subzone (J. Bergen’s calibration). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 8/10 up in T. occitanica Z., D. dalmasi s.z. Alternate name was C. angustiforatus.	NC2a	2.6400	FO of Retecapsa angustiforata in Calp. elliptica zone (Jorg Mutterlose; GTS2020 chart email 29Dec2019) => put mid-way in M17r. This is also the base of the CC2 zone. Previously put at Base of P. grandis subzone (J. Bergen’s calibration). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 8/10 up in T. occitanica Z., D. dalmasi s.z. Alternate name was C. angustiforatus.	FADt Retecapsa angustiforata	141.1240	0.5	M17r	0.0000		FO of Retecapsa angustiforata in Calp. elliptica zone (Jorg Mutterlose; GTS2020 chart email 29Dec2019) => put mid-way in M17r. This is also the base of the CC2 zone. Previously put at Base of P. grandis subzone (J. Bergen’s calibration). SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as 8/10 up in T. occitanica Z., D. dalmasi s.z. Alternate name was C. angustiforatus.		Berriasian
NC1	1.6560	Base of M19n.1r (Wimbedon et al, 2019, Berriasian GSSP submission). Was 30% up in Chron M17r (Bralower), which would be AFTER base of CC1; but Bergen correlated to about 50% up in B. jacobi s.z. (used here). However, Bergen’s version might be N. steinmanii minor of Bralower. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as middle of B. jacobi Z., P. grandis s.z.				FADt N. kamp. kamptneri & N. stein. steinmannii	142.7800	0	M19n.1r	0.0000		Base of M19n.1r (Wimbedon et al, 2019, Berriasian GSSP submission). Was 30% up in Chron M17r (Bralower), which would be AFTER base of CC1; but Bergen correlated to about 50% up in B. jacobi s.z. (used here). However, Bergen’s version might be N. steinmanii minor of Bralower. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as middle of B. jacobi Z., P. grandis s.z.		Berriasian
			NJT16b	1.0785		FADt Nannoconus infans	145.0465	0	M20n					Tithonian
NJT16	1.7480		NJT16a	0.6695		FADt Helenea chiastia	145.7160	0	M20					Tithonian
			NJT15b	1.2930		FADt Polycostella beckmannii	147.0090	0	M21r					Tithonian
NJT15	1.8126		NJT15a	0.5196		FADt Conusphaera mexicana minor	147.5286	0.65	M22n					Tithonian
NJT14	7.8156					FADt Faviconus multicolumnatus	155.3442	0.72	Aspidoceras hypselum TAZ				the A. hypselum TAZ -> E. bimammatum interval is very confused and it is not clear if the Faviconus event is correctly placed on TSC. The placement given in the notes - 0.9 bimammatum is very different to that shown on TSC. The spreadsheet logic is very unclear so I have simply calculated the pup of the event within A. hypselum based on the age2020 given in the Jurassic-out sheet	Kimmeridgian
			NJT13b	3.7559	New zone of Casellato 2010.	LADt Lotharingius sigillatus	159.1001	0	Perisphinctes plicatilis TAZ					Oxfordian
NJT13	6.1859		NJT13a	2.4300		LADt Cyclagelosphaera wiedmannii	161.5301	0	Oxfordian					Oxfordian
NJT12	3.9212					FADt Cyclagelosphaera wiedmannii	165.4513	0.25	Clydoniceras discus TAZ				cf. 2004 note [the equation = 25% up in C. discus zone: JRY])	Callovian
NJT11	2.9940					FADt Watznaueria barnesae	168.4453	0.5	Parkinsonia parkinsoni TAZ					Bathonian
			NJT10b	1.2932		LADt Carinolithus superbus	169.7385	0	Strenoceras niortense TAZ					Bajocian
NJT10	1.8741		NJT10a	0.5809		FADt Watznaueria manivitae	170.3194	0	Sonninia propinquans TAZ				Taxonn name has changed, from Watznaueria manivitiae to Watznaueria moshkovitzii (see Nannotax)	Bajocian
			NJT9d	0.3482		LADt Calyculus	170.6676	0	Witchellia laeviuscula TAZ					Bajocian
			NJT9c	0.2324		LADt Similiscutum cruciulus	170.9000	0	Hyperlioceras discites TAZ					Bajocian
			NJT9b	0.6000		FADt Watznaueria communis	171.5000	0	Graphoceras concavum TAZ					Aalenian
NJT9	1.9806		NJT9a	0.8000		FADt Watznaueria britannica	172.3000	0.5	Ludwigia murchisonae TAZ					Aalenian
			NJT8g	0.3200		FADt Watznaueria aff. W. contracta	172.6200	0.1	Ludwigia murchisonae TAZ					Aalenian
			NJT8f	1.3800		FADt Carinolithus magharensis	174.0000	0.35	Leioceras opalinum TAZ					Aalenian
			NJT8e	0.4000		paracme Lotharingius crucicentralis	174.4000	0.15	Leioceras opalinum TAZ					Aalenian
			NJT8d	1.3859		FADt Watznaueria contracta	175.7859	0.1	Pleydellia aalensis TAZ					Toarcian
			NJT8c	1.6730		LCO Discorhabdus criotus RD	177.4589	0.5	Phlyseogrammoceras dispansum TAZ				RD = rapid decrease	Toarcian
			NJT8b	1.4774		FCO Lotharingius crucicentralis RI	178.9363	0.6	Haugia variabilis TAZ				RI = rapid increase	Toarcian
NJT8	7.2284		NJT8a	0.5921		FADt Retecapsa incompta	179.5284	0.2	Haugia variabilis TAZ					Toarcian
			NJT7d	0.5647		size increase Lotharingius	180.0931	0.8	Hildoceras bifrons TAZ					Toarcian
			NJT7c	0.2686		FADt Discorhabdus criotus	180.3617	0.6	Hildoceras bifrons TAZ					Toarcian
			NJT7b	0.6717		FADt Watznaueria colacicchii	181.0334	0.1	Hildoceras bifrons TAZ					Toarcian
NJT7	2.0375		NJT7a	0.5325		FADt Discorhabdus striatus	181.5659	0.8	Harpoceras serpentinum TAZ					Toarcian
			NJT6b	0.5974		LADt Mitrolithus jansae	182.1633	0.5	Harpoceras serpentinum TAZ	0.0000				Toarcian
NJT6	1.9574		NJT6a	1.3600		FADt Carinolithus superbus	183.5233	0.65	Dactylioceras tenuicostatum TAZ					Toarcian
			NJT5c	0.5727		FADt Zeugrhabdotus erectus	184.0960	0.1	Dactylioceras tenuicostatum TAZ					Toarcian
			NJT5b	0.7014		FADt Lotharingius crucicentralis	184.7974	0.2	Emaciaticeras emaciatum TAZ					Pliensbachian
NJT5	2.7248		NJT5a	1.4507		FADt Lotharingius hauffii	186.2481	0.73	Amaltheus margaritatus BAZ					Pliensbachian
			NJT4e	0.7920		FADt Lotharingius sigillatus	187.0401	0.4	Amaltheus margaritatus BAZ					Pliensbachian
			NJT4d	0.5280		LADt Parhabdolithus robustus	187.5681	0.18	Amaltheus margaritatus BAZ					Pliensbachian
			NJT4c	0.7320		FADt Lotharingius barozii	188.3001	0.25	Prodactylioceras davoei TAZ					Pliensbachian
			NJT4b	1.5400		FADt Biscutum grande	189.8401	0.2	Tragophylloceras ibex TAZ				there was also a separately defined FAD Palaeopontosphaera grande event in the workbook with note "On SEPM1998 chart, FAD is base of portisi s.z. of lavinianum zone". P. grande is a synonym of B. grande, so this has not been included separaretly here.	Pliensbachian
NJT4	6.1120		NJT4a	2.5200		FADt Similiscutum cruciulus	192.3601	0.2	Uptonia jamesoni TAZ					Pliensbachian
			NJT3c	0.9259		FADt Mazaganella protensa	193.2860	0.75	Echioceras raricostatum TAZ					Pliensbachian
			NJT3b	0.8489		FADt Mitrolithus lenticularis	194.1349	0.2	Echioceras raricostatum TAZ					Sinemurian
NJT3	2.4693		NJT3a	0.6945		FADt Crepidolithus pliensbachensis	194.8294	0.5	Oxynoticeras oxynotum TAZ					Sinemurian
			NJT2b	4.6306		FADt Mitrolithus elegans	199.4600	0	Sinemurian					Sinemurian
NJT2	4.8306		NJT2a	0.2000		FADt Parhabdolithus liasicus	199.6600	0.75	Schlotheimia angulata TAZ					Sinemurian
NJT1	1.6000					FADt Schizosphaerella punctulata	201.2600	0	Psiloceras planorbis TAZ					Hettangian
NN20	0.1400					LAD Pseudoemiliania lacunosa	0.4300	0		0.0000		LAD defines top of NN19, therefore at base of NN20. Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 & 138) and Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926; Backman et al., 2012). Age is recorded slightly older (0.47 myr) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) placed similaly = O-18 stage 12; Chron C1n.4. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Chibanian
NN19	1.5000	Pleistocene Nanno Zone NN19 can be subdivided by: FAD of G. caribbeanica; LAD of C. macintyrei and of H. sellii, and FAD of G. oceanica (see CN13 subzonation)				LAD Discoaster brouweri	1.9300	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). This LAD of D. brouweri is recorded slightly earlier (1.95 Ma) in Mediterranean (refs. 11, 22-25), and significantly earlier (2.06 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 and 138. Berggren et al. (1995b) assign in lowermost Olduvai; 1.95 Ma; therefore at base of Chron C2n. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2); Backman et al., 2012)]		Calabrian
NN18	0.4600					LAD Discoaster pentaradiatus	2.3900	0		0.0000		LAD of D. pentaradiatus (quintatus) defines top of NN17, therefore at base of NN18. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926), which Lourens et al. (2004) and Backman et al. (2012) place as 2.39 Ma. This LAD is recorded earlier (2.51 Ma) in Mediterranean. Berggren et al. (1995b) places near Matuyama/Gauss boundary, or at about Chron C2r.3r.25. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Gelasian
NN17	0.1400					LAD Discoaster surculus	2.5300	0		0.0000		LAD of D. surculus defines top of NN16, therefore at base of NN17. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926), which Backman et al. (2012) place as 2.53 Ma. This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (2.52 Ma and 2.54 Ma) in Pacific ODP Legs 111 and 138 and in eastern Mediterranean, respectively. Berggren et al. (1995b) place near Matuyama/Gauss boundary at about Chron C2r.3r.1. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Gelasian
NN16	1.2900					LAD Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus	3.8200	0		0.0000		This LAD defines top of NN15 (and CNPL3), therefore at base of NN16/CNPL4. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); which Backman et al. (2012) place as 3.82 Ma (used here). This LAD is recorded slightly earlier (3.79 Ma and 3.84 Ma) in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138) and in eastern Mediterranean, respectively. Acccording to Berggren et al. (1995b), Pliocene nannofossil Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus (LAD) occurs in Mediterranean at about Chron C2Ar.7 (uppermost part of upper-reversed interval of Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Piacenzian
NN15	0.1100					LAD Amaurolithus tricorniculatus	3.9300	0.5	CNPL3	0.0000		DASHED (low reliability). Formerly "Discoaster" tricornicultus. Arbitarily placed mid-way between D. asymmetricus FAD & R. pseudoumbilicus LAD in the schematic chart of Berggren et al. (1995b). Not assigned an age in Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2).	CNPL3 ranges from FCO D. asym to LAD R. pseudoumbilicus, so can be used in the event placement calculation	Zanclean
NN14	0.1100	Pliocene Nanno Zones NN13 and NN14 are often merged to NN13/NN14, because D. asymmetricus marker is often rare or difficult to identify (Martini, 1980).				FCO Discoaster asymmetricus (common)	4.0400	0		0.0000		Lourens et al. (2004) referred to this FCO as a "subbottom". Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138) and in eastern Mediterranean (as 4.12 Ma), which Backman et al. (2012) recalibrate as 4.04 Ma. In Berggren et al. (1995b) compilation, Pliocene nannofossil ’Discoaster asymmetricus’ (FCO) occurs at about Chron C2n.1n.8 (near top of Cochiti, or in upper Gilbert). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
NN13	1.0400	Pliocene Nanno Zones NN13 and NN14 are often merged to NN13/NN14, because D. asymmetricus marker is often rare or difficult to identify (Martini, 1980).				FAD Ceratolithus rugosus	5.0800	0		0.0000		DASHED -- "Relatively indistinct biohorizon. Reliability: D" (Raffi et al., GTS2020). Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138). This FAD is reported later (5.08 Ma) in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926 (age from Backman et al., 2012). In Berggren et al. (1995b), this datum is diachronous among regions -- Pliocene nannofossil Cerotolithus rugosus (FAD) occurs near top of Nunivak (4.5 Ma) in Mediterranean, but within Thvera (about Chron C3n.4n.5); 5.0-5.23 Ma in oceanic areas. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Zanclean
NN12	0.4500					LAD Discoaster quinqueramus	5.5300	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Pacific (ODP Legs 111 and 138); and reported at same time in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926 [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)], and Backman et al. (2012) put as 5.53 Ma. Berggren. Kent, et al. (1995) assign as middle of Chron C3r (Gilbert).		Zanclean
			NN11d	0.4500	Miocene Nanno zone "NN11d" and "CN 9d" are taken from chart of Aubry (in Berggren et al., SEPM, 1995). Similar chart in Berggren et al. (GSA, 1995) has slightly different ages, but does not specify the nannofossil definitions.	LAD Nicklithus amplificus	5.9800	0		0.0000		Genus for amplificus was "Amaurolithus" in Berggren et al. (1995a) table; and had been used as base of "Subzone NN11d". Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This LAD (and LCO) is reported at same time (5.94 Ma in Lourens et al., 2004, but 5.98 Ma in Backman et al., 2012) in Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926. The LCO is at 6.12 Ma and 6.14 Ma in Pacific (ODP Legs 11 & 138) and in Mediterranean, respectively. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Messinian
			NN11c	0.8400		FAD Nicklithus amplificus	6.8200	0		0.0000		Genus for amplificus was "Amaurolithus" in Berggren et al. (1995a) table; and had been used for a Subzone NN11c (and "CN9c") of their zonal scheme. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); which Lourens et al (2004) assigned as 6.91 Ma; but Backman et al (2012) place at 6.82 Ma (used here). This FAD occurs later (6.68 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Messinian
			NN11b	0.6300		FAD Amaurolithus primus	7.4500	0		0.0000		LAD of Amaurolithus primus is also LAD of genus Amaurolithus. Raffi et al. (GTS2020 assign as 7.45 Ma citing Zeden et al. 2013, with note "Isocronous occurrence in tropical Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans and Mediterranean. Reliablity: A". GTS2012 had: Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. This FAD is recorded slightly later (7.36 Ma) in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]; which Backman et al (2012) revise as 7.39 Ma (used here)		Messinian
NN11	2.7600	Miocene Nannofossil Zone NN11 begins with either the FAD of D. berggreni (an earlier event) or of D. quinqueramus; the definition problem arises depending if these two taxa are considered to be the same species. Bukry (1981) defined Zone CN8b beginning with FAD of D. neorectus and/or FAD of D. loeblichii, and ending with FAD of D. surculus; but these events are not calibrated in the scales of Berggren (in prep, SEPM) or Leg 145. Aubry (in Berggren et al., 1995) indicates that FAD of D. berggrenii defines base of both NN11 and CN9; and this placement is shown in this chart.	NN11a	0.8400		FAD Discoaster berggrenii	8.2900	0		0.0000		DASHED -- Age from Raffi et al. (GTS2020) used here - "Diachronous occurrence between Atlantic and equatorial Pacific (8.5 Ma) . Reliability: D". GTS2012 had 8.2 Ma from Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]. Berggren et al. (1995) had this FAD as slightly older by 0.3 myr = lower C4r; and Backman et al (2012) use Site 926 calibration as 8.20 Ma (vs. the 8.29 Ma of Lourens et al (2004)).		Messinian
NN10	1.3200					LAD Discoaster hamatus	9.6100	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in eastern Mediterranean. LAD occurs slightly earlier (9.69 Ma) at Atlantic Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926, which Backman et al. (2012) put as 9.65 Ma (used here). Astronomical age implies approximately Chron C4Ar.2r.5. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Correlations, as indicated by Berggren et al. (1995) were inconsistent; with younger LADs being reported elsewhere in previous literature -- C4Ar.2r.5; 9.4 Ma; or C4A; 8.67 Ma or 9.37 Ma; therefore C4Ar.2r.5 seems best estimate (nearly same as astronomical tuning).		Tortonian
NN9	0.9600					FAD Discoaster hamatus	10.5700	0		0.0000		DASHED -- Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign as 10.57 Ma with reliability of C due to later occurrence in eastern Mediterranean. Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926) as 10.55 Ma (Lourens et al., 2004), revised as 10.49 by Backman et al. (2012). FAD occurs much younger (10.18 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Berggren et al. (1995a) note that this datum is "controversial" and inconsistent, with different reported correlations to magnetostratigraphy. More checks on this calibration are needed.		Tortonian
NN8	0.3200					FAD Catinaster coalitus	10.8900	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and assigned by Backman et al. (2012) as 10.79 Ma (but revised by Raffi et al., GTS2020, as 10.89 -- used here). FAD occurs slightly later (10.73 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Very poorly constrained age, and Atlantic may be 0.4 m.y. before Pacific -- Berggren et al. (1995) give C5r.2r (Atl.); 11.3 Ma or 11.1 Ma; therefore an older placement (by 0.4 myr) of C5r.2r.5 was used on previous versions of this chart.		Tortonian
NN7	0.9900					FCO Discoaster kugleri (common)	11.8800	0		0.0000		Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and simultaneous (11.90 Ma) in eastern Mediterranean [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] and Backman et al. (2012). This "FCO" of Lourens et al. (2004) seems to correspond in calibration to the "FAD" of Berggren et al. (1995a), which they summarized as approximately lower Chron C5r.3r.		Tortonian
NN6	1.7804					LAD Sphenolithus heteromorphus	13.6604	0.6	C5ABr	0.0000		"Primary marker" for approximating the base of Serravallian GSSP. Reliability: A. Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign Chron C5ABr.6 (used here; although they round to 13.60 Ma). Astronomically tuned in as slightly higher in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926); and LAD is assigned as 13.654 Ma in eastern Mediterranean. The offset frorm Serravalian GSSP (13.8 Ma), although only ca. 150 kyr, causes a problem, because this nannofossil S. heteromorphus LAD had been the "primary marker" for base-Serravallian GSSP as placed in the in the Mediterranean region. Berggren et al. (1995a) had a similar chron-age assignment of approximately Chron C5ABr.6. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]		Serravallian
NN5	1.1996					LAD Helicosphaera ampliaperta	14.8600	0		0.0000		DASHED - Considered as low-reliability marker ("D" of Raffi et al., 2020). Astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2), as 14.91 Ma]; revised by Backman et al. (2012) as 14.86 Ma (used here). Berggren et al. (1995a) had placed this LAD about 0.6 myr older as middle of Chron C5Br.		Langhian
NN4	3.0800					LAD Sphenolithus belemnos	17.9400	0		0.0000		Lourens et al (2004) assign this event as a LCO that is astronomically tuned in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926). [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)]; but Backman et al. (2012) refer to this same calibration as a Top (and used 17.94 instead of 17.95 of Lourens et al.). The interpretation of this level as a last-common (LCO) is only slightly below the LAD, which was the original definition of the zone (a 0.1 myr difference according to J. Bergen, pers. commun., 2005).		Burdigalian
NN3	1.2400					LAD Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus	19.1800	0		0.0000		Dashed. Backman et al. (2012) cite a 19.18 Ma age for Top of T. carinatus based on Pacific ODP Site 1218A (cyclostratigraphy of Palike et al., 2005) (used here). In contrast, astronomically tuned FAD in Atlantic (Leg 154, Sites 925 & 926) is 18.28 Ma; which is ~1myr younger than earlier estimates which ranged from 19.5 to 23.0 Ma. The very poorly constrained age on the LAD probably reflects diachroneity. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] Hodell & Woodruff (1994) have a similar conclusion, although their estimate for this event in Site 289 suggests that it may be reworked.		Burdigalian
NN2	3.5000					FAD Discoaster druggii (s.str.)	22.6800	0		0.0000		DASHED - Diachronous. Base Discoaster druggi (sensu stricto) -- Raffi et al. (GTS2020) assign as 22.68 (used here); but "Occurring later (close to base Chron C6Bn, ~ 22.32 Ma) in South Atlantic (Rio Grande Rise; Site 516; Florindo et al., 2015). Reliability: D" . Astronomically tuned as 22.82 Ma in eastern Mediterranean (based on projecting astronomical tuning of long-period minima to base-Miocene), which is consistent with ODP Leg 154. [Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)] (used here). However, smaller forms appear earlier, at end of Oligocene (J. Bergen and E. de Kaenel, pers. commun., 2005). Backman et al. (2012) conclude that its FAD is "occurring a few thousand years earlier in the tropical Indian Ocean" compared to its ca. 22.59Ma rare occurrence in Pacific. FAD has been assigned to C6Cn in Leg 145 compilation, but Aubry (in Berggren et al., 1995) assigns 0.5 m.y. higher (in C6Br); so earlier chart had used C6Br.5.		Aquitanian
NN1	0.4460					LAD Reticulofenestra bisecta (>10 micron)	23.1260	0.5	C6Cn.2r	0.0000		DASHED -- Chron C6Cn.2r.5. Moved to "Other" instead of zonal-marker, although some used as Global (not just high-latitude) marker for base of NN1. The LAD of ’R. bisectus’ is used to approximate the NP25/NN1 boundary in high latitudes; and was "substituted for H. recta, the marker of the NP15/NN1 boundary in Martini’s (1971) zonal scheme" by Aubry (in Berggren, Kent, et al., 1995). [ODP Leg 145 Shipboard Scientific Party (1993)]. Leg 145 referred to this LAD as "top of acme"; but ODP Leg 171 scheme assigned as LAD. "Reticulofenestra bisecta" was called "Dictyococcites bisectus" in Perch-Nielsen (1985)?.		Aquitanian
NP25	3.6940					LAD Sphenolithus distentus	26.8200	0		3.7800	base Aquitanian	Oligocene Nanno ’Sphenolithus distentus’ LAD is cycle-calibrated as 26.81 Ma (3.78 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.). This is younger than chron-age of C9n by Aubry (in Berggren, Kent, et al., 1995) at 27.5 Ma, but is consistent with mid-Chron C8n.2n correlation in Leg 145 table. The LCO was placed in Chron 9n in basal-Chattian compilation of Italian sections by Coccioni et al. (GSA Bull, 2008).		Chattian
NP24	0.3133					FAD Sphenolithus ciperoensis	27.1333	0.3	C9n	0.0000		DOTTED at 30% up in Chron C9n in Agnini et al (2014; Fig. 11 -- used here). It had been much lower as base-C10n in GTS2016; and even base-C10r in GTS2012; and Agnini et al., 2014, imply a compromise to show a "mean" placement mid-way between the Chattian-GSSP level and the younger Agnini et al. assignment). This is about 0.4 myr older than estimate in Leg 145 table [Berggren et al. (1995a); Coccioni et al. (2008); P. Bown (pers. comm., 2011)] -- Difficult to pin down age within the transition; therefore has a wide range fo calibrations. A high estimate is a cycle-calibrated in Equat. Pacific as 27.14 Ma (4.11 myr relative to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene, by Blaj et al.’09 = also used by Agnini et al, 2014). But Paul Bown (to J.Ogg, June’11) advised to not use this very high placement, because this might be a very high level in the transition. In contrast, Nanno ’Sphenolithus ciperoensis FAD’ was placed at essentially base of Chron C11n.2n at proposed Chattian GSSP (Coccioni et al., GSA Bull., 2008) similar to assignment by Aubry (in Berggren, Kent, et al., 1995) within Subchron C11n.2n. However, to avoid overlap with cycle-scaled "underlying" CP18 marker (which has its own problems), the base of this NP24/CP19 is		Chattian
NP23	4.8967	Diachronous -- Oligocene Nanno ’Reticulofenestra umbilicus LAD’ was specified as ">14 micron" in Leg 145 table. This LAD occurs earlier (32.3 Ma) in low-mid latitudes than in southern high-latitudes (31.3 Ma) = 1m.y. diachroneity. For simplicity, I have placed the base of the associated Zones NP23 & CP17 at the mid-latitude level (32.3 Ma).				LAD Reticulofenestra umbilicus (low-mid lat.)	32.0300	0		8.9900	base Aquitanian	DASHED: Diachronous -- Oligocene Nanno ’Reticulofenestra umbilicus LAD’ was specified as ">14 micron" in Leg 145 and tables in IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010). Cycle-calibrated as 32.02 Ma (= 8.99 myr relative to 23.03 for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al.’09 (Eq. Pac.) (used here). This LAD occurs earlier in low-mid latitudes than in southern high-latitudes (31.3 Ma) = 1m.y. diachroneity. Same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) = mid C12r; 32.3 Ma; [j,t] = C12r.35. Taxa "R.hillae" is considered to be a morphotype of R. umbilicus.		Rupelian
NP22	0.9000					LAD Ericsonia formosa	32.9300	0		9.8900	base Aquitanian	DASH -- Also known as "Coccolithus formosa". Diachronous. Cycle-calibrated as 32.92 Ma (9.89 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.) (used here). This is same as chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) as revised by Leg 145 = lowermost Chron C12r. Diachronous (Berggren et al. (1995a) indicate the LAD is 7 myr nearly earlier in south high lat!).		Rupelian
NP21	1.5200					LAD Discoaster saipanensis	34.4500	0		11.4100	base Aquitanian	Cycle-calibrated as 34.44 Ma (11.41 myr prior to 23.03 Ma for base-Miocene) by Blaj et al. (2009) (Eq. Pac.) - uused here. This is consistent with the chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) as revised by Leg 145 = middle of Chron C13r.		Rupelian
NP19-20	2.3900					FCO Isthmolithus recurvus (common)	36.8400	0		0.0000		DASH -- The base of NP19-20 is defined by the first occurrence of I. recurvus. Agnini et al. (2014), citing Fornaciari et al. (2010) assign this FAD of COMMON as 36.84 Ma according to P?like et al. (2006) cyclostratigraphy (used here). FAD falls in the magnetochron C16r according to Backman 1986 at Site 523 [as cited by IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010), FAD is 36.6 Ma, which would be base Chron C16r in Cande-Kent’95 scale]. Several papers report the FO of I. recurvus (higher) in the C16n.2n (i.e Sites 1090, Massignano etc. ). [Simonetta Monechi, as relayed by N. Vandenberghe to J.Ogg, Jan 2011]. Need more checking on this datum! [IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010); Berggren et al. (1995a)]		Priabonian
NP18	0.0984					FCO Chiasmolithus oamaruensis (common)	36.9384	0.55	C17n.1n	0.0000		DASH -- IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigns as 37.0 Ma, citing Berggren et al. (1995a) = middle of C17n.1n (used here). However, this FAD is placed at base of Chron C17n.2n in proposed Priabonian GSSP (Agnini et al., GSA Bull., 2011); but that is the lowest rare occurrence. [IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010); Berggren et al. (1995a)]		Priabonian
NP17	2.2884					LAD Chiasmolithus solitus	39.2268	0.3	C18n.1n	0.0000		DOTTED -- Agnini et al. (2014; Fig.8) indicate an uncertainty in the LAD (top) of C. solitus that spans about mid-C18n.2 to ca. 75% up in C18n.1 (about a 1-myr uncertainty); therefore base of NP17 and CP14b put at 30% up in C18n.1. IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) cite same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995) = upper Chron C18r (C18r.75). LAD reported higher (C18n) in Hole 748 (ref. m).		Bartonian
NP16	4.1605	Eocene Nanno Zone NP15-16 is combined in some zonal schemes, because marker of NP16 (base = LAD ’Rhabdolithus gladius’) is rare or often absent. [See Perch-Nielsen, 1985, for details.] However, Aubry (in Berggren et al., 1995), could distinquish 3 subzones in NP15 using markers similar for subzones of CP13 (with a total duration of 4 m.y.), and estimated that NP16 was a valid zone with duration of nearly 3 m.y.				LAD Blackites gladius	43.3873	0.05	C20n	0.0000		DASH -- Poor calibration. Agnini et al. (2014) dash as ca. 5% up in C20n for base of NP16 (used here), Berggren et al. (1995a) estimate as lower Chron C20n (C20n.3). Base of NP16 was LAD of B. gladius, but rarely preserved (Paul Bown to J.Ogg, June2011); therefore IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) used LAD of N. fulgens as proxy.		Lutetian
			NP15c	0.2577		LAD Chiasmolithus gigas	43.6450	0.93	C20r	0.0000		DASH: Poor calibration. Agnini et al. (2014) assign as Chron C20r.93 (used here). IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) cite 44.0 Ma based on Bachman (1986), but chron-age not given. Berggren et al. (1995a) estimate as upper Chron C20r (C20r.7).		Lutetian
			NP15b	2.4229		FAD Chiasmolithus gigas	46.0679	0.06	C20r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) and IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 46.1 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2006) or Chron C20r.06 on that CK’95 scale (used here).		Lutetian
NP15	3.3357		NP15a	0.6551		FAD Nannotetrina alata group	46.7230	0.68	C21n	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) citing Agnini et al. (2006) placement at Chron C21n.68 (used here). This is 0.5 myr younger than chron-age of Berggren et al. (1995) =of lower-mid Chron C21n. Nannotetrina fulgens FAD was also here; but ?Nannotetrina alata group: The two species Nannotetrina fulgens and Nannotetrina alata are merged into this group (Spiejer, Sept’19 quoting other studies)		Lutetian
			NP14b	1.3450		FAD Blackites inflatus	48.0680	0	Lutetian	0.0000		FAD of B. inflatus = GSSP marker (Feb’11 ratification) = set as 39 precession cycles (used 20kyr cycles here) from base of Chron C21r in GSSP section (Molina et al., 2011) = middle of Chron C21r (prob. C21r.55), which is similar chron-age scaling in Berggren et al. (1995a).		Lutetian
NP14	2.0767		NP14a	0.7317		FAD Discoaster sublodoensis (5-rayed)	48.7997	0.07	C21r	0.0000		Agnini et al. (2014) assign Base of 5-rayed type as 7% up in C21r (used here), which was 49.0 Ma on C&K’95 scale. In contrast, IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned 0.5myr lower as 49.5 Ma (based on same CK’95 scale) citing the same Agnini et al. (2006) => Chron C21n.3 on that scale, which was just slightly younger than the chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995a) of base of C22n. The Lutetian GSSP nannofossils (Molina et al., Episodes, in press as of 2011) indicate the FAD may be as high as C21n.5.5.		Lutetian
NP13	1.8462					LAD Tribrachiatus orthostylus	50.6459	0.11	C22r	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 50.66 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2006) => Chron C22r.11; used here; which is essentially same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995a). Eocene nanno "Tri. orthostylus" LAD (= base of Zone NP13) has a poorly defined age, and may be time-transgressive? (see discussion in Berggren, Kent, et al., 1985).		Ypresian
NP12	2.2841					FCO Discoaster lodoensis (common)	52.9300	0	C24n.1n	0.0000		Agnini et al (2014), citing Dallanave et al (2009) assign Base of COMMON D. lodoensis at 7% up in C24n.1n (but their Fig.8 shows as base C24n.1n -- used here); and use this datum as the base of their Zone CNE4. For NP12 and CP10; Agnini et al. (2014, Fig.8) also re-define to be the COMMON FAD, rather than direct FAD of D. lodoensis => same as base of CNE4 (used here).		Ypresian
NP11	1.1621					LAD Tribrachiatus contortus	54.0921	0.94	C24r	0.0000		DASH -- LAD of T. contortus is not seen very often, therefore IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) used FAD of Tri. orthostylus as alternate marker for base-NP11. Eocene Nanno evolution from Tribrachiatus contortus to Tribrachiatus orthostylus was formerly described as an abundance shift, but Aubry has subdivided it into different morphotypes. The event here was "Tribrachiatus contortus (Morphotype B)". Age assignment by Leg 320-321 of 53.5 Ma (on CK’95 scale) is based on Agnini et al. (2007) = Chron C24r.94 on that CK’95 scale (used here). This essentially the same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995a) of ca. C24r.9.		Ypresian
NP10	1.9089					FAD Tribrachiatus bramlettei	56.0010	0	Ypresian	0.0000		DASH -- Agnini et al. (2014) dash as coeval with base of Eocene (used here). Paleocene Nannofossil Zone NP10 base (FAD of T. bramlettei) is a marker for the Paleocene/Eocene boundary. BUT: "This [calibration problem] stems from the different opinions on Tribrachiatus bramlettei, als known by some (also PEAT author(s)) as Rhomboaster bramlettei. This has been a controversy for over 20 years, without a good solution, I think. I?m told the confusion may also have partly arisen from the various uses of first common occurrence, first rare occurrence, first consistent occurrence, etc. In this case I would accommodate at least to some extent for the GSSP data of Dababiya (Aubry et al. 2007) where there is quite a portion of NP9b above the base of the Eocene, corresponding to E1 and part of E2. Perhaps put base NP10 just slightly above base Eocene and not below this." [Paul Bown to J.Ogg; June’11].		Ypresian
NP9	1.2221	Zone NP9 spans Paleocene/Eocene boundary. It contains FAD’s of several Discoaster and Rhomboaster species and other groups; producing a peak in nannofossil diversity. Faciculithus becomes rare toward the top; and this FAD is sometimes used to approximate Paleocene/Eocene boundary (Perch-Nielsen, 1985).	NP9a	1.2221		FCO Discoaster multiradiatus (common)	57.2231	0.78	C25n	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 56.0 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at Chron C25n.78 (chron placement used here). This is slightly higher than chron-age scaling of Berggren et al. (1995a) of about Chron C25n.4.		Thanetian
NP8	0.3774					FAD Heliolithus riedelii	57.6005	0.1	C25n	0.0000		DOTTED -- FAD of H. riedelli is unreliable marker (not even tabulated in Agnini et al., 2007). Paleocene Nanno ’H. riedeli’ FAD age estimated from it’s placement 0.6 m.y. before FAD of D. nobilis in Berggren et al. (1995a) table. Chron-age scaling set as lower Chron C25r (C25r.2).		Thanetian
NP7	1.3724					FAD Discoaster mohleri	58.9729	0.95	C26n	0.0000		IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 57.6 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at top of Chron C26n (C26n.95; used here) = same as observed at the Thanetian GSSP and same chron-age scaling as Berggren et al. (1995a).		Thanetian
NP6	0.3857					FAD Heliolithus kleinpellii	59.3586	0.96	C26r	0.0000		At Zumaya GSSP, this event occurs within uppermost Chron C26r, similar to Berggren et al. (1995a) of ca. Chron C26r.85. However, IODP Expedition 320/321 Scientists (2010) assigned as 58.0 Ma (based on CK’95 scale) citing Agnini et al. (2007) who placed it at top of Chron C26r (C26r.96; used here).		Thanetian
NP5	1.9159					FAD Fasciculithus tympaniformis	61.2745	0.33	C26r	0.0000		DASH -- seems inconsistent FAD assignment. Cycle-strat of Selandian GSSP -- summarized in Schmitz et al. (Episodes, 2011) -- indicates that this event is about 0.1 myr ABOVE base-Selandian. In contrast, Agnini et al (2014; citing Agnini et al., 2007) assign it higher as C26r.33 (used here), and Berggren et al. (1995) at ca. Chron C26r.4.. Coeval with FAD Neochiastozygus perfectus (North Sea).		Selandian
NP4	2.0108					FAD Ellipsolithus macellus	63.2853	0.25	C27r	0.0000		DOTTED: Agnini et al. (2014) indicate a 1 myr uncertainty in calibration. Paleocene Nanno ’E. macellus’ FAD assigned to lower C27r by Berggren et al. (1985b; 1995a) (C27r.25 is used here). Leg 145 places nearly 1.6 myr higher (at of Chron C26r), citing Backman (1986). Berggren et al. (1995a) indicate that this is a solution-susceptible taxon; so the earlier FAD may be more appropriate. Defines NP4 base.		Danian
NP3	1.2489					FAD Chiasmolithus danicus	64.5342	0.1	C28n	0.0000		10% up in Chron C28n in Agnini et al. (2014, Fig.2). Was lower in Middle of Chron C28r in Berggren et al. (1995a)]		Danian
NP2	1.1658					FAD Cruciplacolithus tenuis	65.7000	0	CNP2	0.0000		DOTTED. Set here to be same base as CNP2 of Agnini et al. (2014; Fig.2). This taxa might be C. intermedius (Paul Bown to J.Ogg, June2011; see p.134 in Agnini et al., 2014 on Cruciplacolithus taxonomy controveries.). Defines NP2 base. Berggren et al. (1995a) assign as lower Chron C29n (C29n.3; but a lower C29n.1 used here following graphic in Agnini et al., 2012); but Agnini et al. (2012) dash the FAD as much lower, although "we disregard zonal boundary markers such as ... C. tenuis s.l. (= large C. primus)		Danian
NP1	0.3400	Paleocene basal Nanno Zone NP1 is a "gap" from the top of the Cretaceous to the FAD of C. tenuis (base of NP2). Zone NP1 also defined by beginning of acme of Thoracosphaera (calc. dinoflagellate). Zone NP1 has regional subzones.				FAD Biantholithus sparsus; Calcisphere FLOOD	66.0400	0	Danian	0.0000		Base of Cenozoic (Chron C29r.5). Zone NP1 begins with the acme of Thoracosphaera (calc. dinoflagellate), or is the interval from the top of the Cretaceous to the FAD of C. tenuis (base of NP2).		Danian
			UCt20d	1.2390	CC26b (or NC20d) begins with FAD of M. prinsii = Lower Chron 29r -- Huber et al’08 say "average mean" of 66.79 relative to GTS04 (= C30n.5, used here), although they had a misleading 65.79 "average mean" in their comment, which Brian Huber corrected for J.Ogg (June’11). Leg 207 assigned as 0.4 myr before end-Cretaceous. Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes); with Boreal FAD later than Tethyan (Von Salis, 1998, SEPM chart). Assigned previously (1998) as simply 1 myr prior to end of Cretaceous (ODP Leg 171B assignment, and average of Tethyan/Boreal of von Salis).	FADt Micula prinsii	67.2790	0.5	C30n	0.0000		CC26b (or NC20d) begins with FAD of M. prinsii = Lower Chron 29r -- Huber et al’08 say "average mean" of 66.79 relative to GTS04 (= C30n.5, used here), although they had a misleading 65.79 "average mean" in their comment, which Brian Huber corrected for J.Ogg (June’11). Leg 207 assigned as 0.4 myr before end-Cretaceous. Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes); with Boreal FAD later than Tethyan (Von Salis, 1998, SEPM chart). Assigned previously (1998) as simply 1 myr prior to end of Cretaceous (ODP Leg 171B assignment, and average of Tethyan/Boreal of von Salis).		Maastrichtian
			UCt20c	0.5394	DASHED -- Set as same as FAD of N. frequens	FADt Ceratolithoides kamptneri	67.8184	0		0.0000	FADt Nephrolithus frequens	DASHED -- Set as same as FAD of N. frequens		Maastrichtian
			UCt20b	1.1766	FAD of M. murus (base of Zone CC25c of Self-Trail’01) assigned by Huber et al’08 as 68.45 Ma (corrected) relative to GTS04 magnetics (upper Chron C31n) = C31n.3 DASH (partly from inconsistencies in their text): Leg 207 assigned as 1.2 myr before end-Cretaceous (arbitrary equal-spacing of FADs of M. murus, N. frequens, and M. prinsii); but SEPM98 placement used in GTS04 was base Chron C31n). DASHED -- Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes).	FADt Micula murus	68.9950	0.3	C31n	0.0000		FAD of M. murus (base of Zone CC25c of Self-Trail’01) assigned by Huber et al’08 as 68.45 Ma (corrected) relative to GTS04 magnetics (upper Chron C31n) = C31n.3 DASH (partly from inconsistencies in their text): Leg 207 assigned as 1.2 myr before end-Cretaceous (arbitrary equal-spacing of FADs of M. murus, N. frequens, and M. prinsii); but SEPM98 placement used in GTS04 was base Chron C31n). DASHED -- Diachronous (p.16, ODP Leg 171B Expl. Notes).		Maastrichtian
UCt20	3.1390	Lowermost Chron C31n, which Huber et al’08 interpolate as 68.70 Ma (GTS scale) = C31n.05. However, Voight et al. (submitted to EPSL, June 2011) put it slightly higher (about C31n.15); therefore C31n.1 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 80% up in B. junior / tegulatus Belemnite Zone (NW Europe) = 68.48 Ma which is about 0.7 myr higher; and Voight ’11 suggests that there is diachroneity. SEPM98 shows as 0.1 myr after M. murus (used here). However, GTS04 diagram (Fig.19.1) places Before (mid-way between M. murus and LAD of R. levis) -- used here for "GTS04".	UCt20a	0.1840	Lowermost Chron C31n, which Huber et al’08 interpolate as 68.70 Ma (GTS scale) = C31n.05. However, Voight et al. (submitted to EPSL, June 2011) put it slightly higher (about C31n.15); therefore C31n.1 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 80% up in B. junior / tegulatus Belemnite Zone (NW Europe) = 68.48 Ma which is about 0.7 myr higher; and Voight ’11 suggests that there is diachroneity. SEPM98 shows as 0.1 myr after M. murus (used here). However, GTS04 diagram (Fig.19.1) places Before (mid-way between M. murus and LAD of R. levis) -- used here for "GTS04".	FADt Lithraphidites quadratus	69.1790	0.1	C31n	0.0000		Lowermost Chron C31n, which Huber et al’08 interpolate as 68.70 Ma (GTS scale) = C31n.05. However, Voight et al. (submitted to EPSL, June 2011) put it slightly higher (about C31n.15); therefore C31n.1 is used here. Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 80% up in B. junior / tegulatus Belemnite Zone (NW Europe) = 68.48 Ma which is about 0.7 myr higher; and Voight ’11 suggests that there is diachroneity. SEPM98 shows as 0.1 myr after M. murus (used here). However, GTS04 diagram (Fig.19.1) places Before (mid-way between M. murus and LAD of R. levis) -- used here for "GTS04".		Maastrichtian
UCt19	0.9640	A calibration of Chron C31r.6 is used here. Watkins has calibrated it as 1 precession cycle below a 70.06 Ma Ar-Ar age (hence 70.08, ignoring uncertainty on Ar-Ar age). Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 85% up in B. sumensis Belemnite Zone (NW Europe); but Voight et al (2011, submitted to EPSL) show it as midway in that Zone, synchronous with Gubbio, and correlate to about Chron C31r.5 (70.3 Ma in GTS2012 magnetics). "Just above the FAD of planktonic foraminifer R. fructosa" (Huber et al’08, who placed it 0.18 myr above = 69.9 Ma in GTS2012 foram scaling based on Huber et al’s tables). Bralower et al (1995) suggest using this LAD to subdivide NC21 into a/b subzones; but the GTS2004 ages would imply very short durations, so omitted here. ODP age is 69.8 Ma, but EGI database (2005) calibrates as much higher at 68.4 Ma (North Sea) and 68.6 (Tethys). This younger age would probably require the overlying succession to also be pushed "higher" to retain same sequence. SEPM’98 assigned LAD in Tethys as top of H. ricolleti Zone of N.Amer., which is about 1 myr Higher. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD in Boreal as top of B. clinolobatus (base of H. birkelundi) ammonite = Late/Early Maastr. boundary.				LADt Reinhardtites levis	70.1430	0.6	C31r	0.0000		A calibration of Chron C31r.6 is used here. Watkins has calibrated it as 1 precession cycle below a 70.06 Ma Ar-Ar age (hence 70.08, ignoring uncertainty on Ar-Ar age). Burnett’98 schematically shows as about 85% up in B. sumensis Belemnite Zone (NW Europe); but Voight et al (2011, submitted to EPSL) show it as midway in that Zone, synchronous with Gubbio, and correlate to about Chron C31r.5 (70.3 Ma in GTS2012 magnetics). "Just above the FAD of planktonic foraminifer R. fructosa" (Huber et al’08, who placed it 0.18 myr above = 69.9 Ma in GTS2012 foram scaling based on Huber et al’s tables). Bralower et al (1995) suggest using this LAD to subdivide NC21 into a/b subzones; but the GTS2004 ages would imply very short durations, so omitted here. ODP age is 69.8 Ma, but EGI database (2005) calibrates as much higher at 68.4 Ma (North Sea) and 68.6 (Tethys). This younger age would probably require the overlying succession to also be pushed "higher" to retain same sequence. SEPM’98 assigned LAD in Tethys as top of H. ricolleti Zone of N.Amer., which is about 1 myr Higher. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD in Boreal as top of B. clinolobatus (base of H. birkelundi) ammonite = Late/Early Maastr. boundary.		Maastrichtian
UCt18	0.8720	Voight et al. (2011, submitted to EPSL) shows this datum (base UC18) at about 15% up in B. sumensis Belemite Zone (and projects to C31r.2 at Gubbio; and used here). Huber et al’ project age as 70.6 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics = C31r.16 (nearly same as Voight). Burnett’98 schematicaly shows this LAD at about 1/3rd up in B. sumensis Belemnite Zone of NW Europe; but Voight had lower. DASH CC24 zone boundary: Leg 207 uses this LAD for base-CC24, rather than T. phacelosus ("most workers consider it difficult to distinquish T. orionatus from T. phacelosus, and consider the later species as the senior synonym -- J. Self-Trail", cited in Huber et al’08). SEPM’98 assigned LAD for Boreal as equivalent to 6/10 up in B. grandis Zone of N.Amer., which is nearly same timing. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD for Tethyan at base of Maastrichtian. [GTS04 has used Relative-age to R. levis and as CC24 base.]				LADt Tranolithus orionatus	71.0150	0.2	C31r	0.0000		Voight et al. (2011, submitted to EPSL) shows this datum (base UC18) at about 15% up in B. sumensis Belemite Zone (and projects to C31r.2 at Gubbio; and used here). Huber et al’ project age as 70.6 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics = C31r.16 (nearly same as Voight). Burnett’98 schematicaly shows this LAD at about 1/3rd up in B. sumensis Belemnite Zone of NW Europe; but Voight had lower. DASH CC24 zone boundary: Leg 207 uses this LAD for base-CC24, rather than T. phacelosus ("most workers consider it difficult to distinquish T. orionatus from T. phacelosus, and consider the later species as the senior synonym -- J. Self-Trail", cited in Huber et al’08). SEPM’98 assigned LAD for Boreal as equivalent to 6/10 up in B. grandis Zone of N.Amer., which is nearly same timing. SEPM’98 had assigned LAD for Tethyan at base of Maastrichtian. [GTS04 has used Relative-age to R. levis and as CC24 base.]		Maastrichtian
UCt17	0.9260	Burnett’98 schematically shows as base of B. obtusa Belemnite Zone (NW Europe); used here. Voight et al. (EPSL, submitted) have the same relationship for Germany, but suggest the datum can significantly higher in Gubbio-Tercis (equivalent to TOP of obtusus instead). Jim Bergen shows as mid-Early Maastrictian (and LAD of "parca parca" as mid-Late Campanina. [also called "Aspidolithus parcus constrictus" -- SEPM chart?]				LADt Broinsonia parca constricta	71.9410	0	Belemnella obtusa BBelZ	0.0000		Burnett’98 schematically shows as base of B. obtusa Belemnite Zone (NW Europe); used here. Voight et al. (EPSL, submitted) have the same relationship for Germany, but suggest the datum can significantly higher in Gubbio-Tercis (equivalent to TOP of obtusus instead). Jim Bergen shows as mid-Early Maastrictian (and LAD of "parca parca" as mid-Late Campanina. [also called "Aspidolithus parcus constrictus" -- SEPM chart?]		Maastrichtian
UCt16	3.9127	DASH -- Huber et al’08 value of about 75.31 Ma (C33n.71 relative to GTS04 magnetics) seems consistent with other Tethyan placements, and is used here. EGI database calibrates as base of Upper Campanian (76.4 Ma in Tethyan; 76.3 Ma in Boreal). However, in Boreal-realm studies, Jackie Lees (Burnett) assigns as upper Upper Campanian (ca. 74 Ma); and this offset is verified in cross-region C-13 studies by Voight et al. (2011, submitted to EPSL). SEPM’98 had assigned LAD is middle of D. stevensoni Z. Note: Husson et al. spells as "eximus" (not eximius; which is apparently a typo-error).				LADt Eiffellithus eximius	75.8537	0.71	C33n	0.0000		DASH -- Huber et al’08 value of about 75.31 Ma (C33n.71 relative to GTS04 magnetics) seems consistent with other Tethyan placements, and is used here. EGI database calibrates as base of Upper Campanian (76.4 Ma in Tethyan; 76.3 Ma in Boreal). However, in Boreal-realm studies, Jackie Lees (Burnett) assigns as upper Upper Campanian (ca. 74 Ma); and this offset is verified in cross-region C-13 studies by Voight et al. (2011, submitted to EPSL). SEPM’98 had assigned LAD is middle of D. stevensoni Z. Note: Husson et al. spells as "eximus" (not eximius; which is apparently a typo-error).		Campanian
			UCt15d	2.0216	Also known as Quadrum trifidum. Huber et al’08 review and conclude C33n.55 (used here) is best calibration (76.29 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics; although their text says "C33n.65" -- we assumed their age model was correct, not text). Bralower et al. (1995) suggest this is coeval with FAD of foraminifer G. calcarata (about 0.8 myr younger), which may indicate uncertainty in Campanian inter-correlations. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as base of Late Campanian (base D. nebrascense zone). Slighly below base-Calcarata in Tanzania (Petrizzo et al’11).	FADt Uniplanarius trifidum	76.7656	0.55	C33n	0.0000		Also known as Quadrum trifidum. Huber et al’08 review and conclude C33n.55 (used here) is best calibration (76.29 Ma relative to GTS04 magnetics; although their text says "C33n.65" -- we assumed their age model was correct, not text). Bralower et al. (1995) suggest this is coeval with FAD of foraminifer G. calcarata (about 0.8 myr younger), which may indicate uncertainty in Campanian inter-correlations. SEPM’98 had assigned FAD as base of Late Campanian (base D. nebrascense zone). Slighly below base-Calcarata in Tanzania (Petrizzo et al’11).		Campanian
			UCt15c	1.7097	Also known as Quadrum sissingh. Huber et al’08 cite Erba et al’95 as C33n.45; but their 77.10 Ma "relative to GTS04 magnetics" implies C33n.41 (used here). Seems an arbitrary 1 myr below FAD of U. trifidum in Leg 171/207 tables.	FADt Uniplanarius sissinghii	77.5634	0.41	C33n	0.0000		Also known as Quadrum sissingh. Huber et al’08 cite Erba et al’95 as C33n.45; but their 77.10 Ma "relative to GTS04 magnetics" implies C33n.41 (used here). Seems an arbitrary 1 myr below FAD of U. trifidum in Leg 171/207 tables.		Campanian
			UCt15b	2.3645	Just above base of C. plummera Foram Zone according to M. Petrizzo (June 2011 workshop notes) => assigned here as 0.2 myr above. This FAD age-projection is very similar from estimate in ODP 171/207, which had coincided with mid-B. perplexus (late) zone.	FADt Ceratolithoides aculeus	79.1301	0		-0.2000	FAD Contusotruncana plummerae	Just above base of C. plummera Foram Zone according to M. Petrizzo (June 2011 workshop notes) => assigned here as 0.2 myr above. This FAD age-projection is very similar from estimate in ODP 171/207, which had coincided with mid-B. perplexus (late) zone.		Campanian
UCt15	6.2260	Burnett’98 shows schematically as base of B. obtusus Zone of N. Amer. (= base of Middle Campanian) SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 6/10 up in S. hippocrepis II Z.	UCt15a	3.4066	Burnett’98 shows schematically as base of B. obtusus Zone of N. Amer. (= base of Middle Campanian) SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 6/10 up in S. hippocrepis II Z.	FADt Misceomarginatus pleniporus	80.9700	0	Baculites obtusus WAZ	0.0000		Burnett’98 shows schematically as base of B. obtusus Zone of N. Amer. (= base of Middle Campanian) SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 6/10 up in S. hippocrepis II Z.		Campanian
			UCt14c	0.0305	Burnett’98 shows schematically as 20% up in Baculites sp. (smooth) Zone. In SEPM’89 and ODP Leg 171, the LAD coincides with base of B. asperiformis N.Amer. ammonite zone; but calibration details are lacking.	FADt Bukryaster hayii	81.2506	0.54	Scaphites hippocrepis III WAZ	0.0000		Burnett’98 shows schematically as 20% up in Baculites sp. (smooth) Zone. In SEPM’89 and ODP Leg 171, the LAD coincides with base of B. asperiformis N.Amer. ammonite zone; but calibration details are lacking. [Baculites sp. (smooth) Zone is now part of the S. hippocrepis II WAZ, so placement has been recalculated]		Campanian
UCt14	1.8160	DASHED -- Base of NC18 and CC18 at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) is ca. 20% up in Gt. elevata Foram Zone (used here). They divide CC18 into 2 subzones on chart, but definition missing. In contrast, Burnett’98 schematically showed much higher as about 40% up in S. hippocrepis III Zone of N. Amer. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 3/10 up in S. hippocrepis I Zone. Subzone UC14a is very brief. Also called "Aspidolithus parcus parcus" in some schemes. Base of preceeding B. parcus expansus is probably the "parca" one just above the boundary, and parca-parca occurs higher (J. Bergen 2005 pers. Commun.).	UCt14b	0.0000	Also called "Aspidolithus parcus constrictus" in some schemes. Subzone UC14a is very brief, so given arbitrary 0.5 myr duration here. Burnett’98 had schematically shown as about 60% up in S. hippocrepis III Zone of N. Amer. FAD in Leg 207 was implied to be middle of S. hippocrepis I zone (but they essentially placed it an even 1 myr above FAD of A. parcus).	FADt Broinsonia parca parca	82.7860	0.2	Globotruncanita elevata pfZ	0.0000		DASHED -- Base of NC18 and CC18 at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) is ca. 20% up in Gt. elevata Foram Zone (used here). They divide CC18 into 2 subzones on chart, but definition missing. In contrast, Burnett’98 schematically showed much higher as about 40% up in S. hippocrepis III Zone of N. Amer. SEPM’98 assigned FAD as 3/10 up in S. hippocrepis I Zone. Subzone UC14a is very brief. Also called "Aspidolithus parcus parcus" in some schemes. Base of preceeding B. parcus expansus is probably the "parca" one just above the boundary, and parca-parca occurs higher (J. Bergen 2005 pers. Commun.).		Campanian
UCt13	1.1715	DASHED -- Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis (sensu Burnett’98b) FAD is schematically by Burnett’98 shown as middle of S. leei III Zone of N. Amer. [Rarely used by others]. In contrast, Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) show base of Zone as ca. 85% up in Santonian (used here).	UCt14b	0.0000	Also called "Aspidolithus parcus constrictus" in some schemes. Subzone UC14a is very brief, so given arbitrary 0.5 myr duration here. Burnett’98 had schematically shown as about 60% up in S. hippocrepis III Zone of N. Amer. FAD in Leg 207 was implied to be middle of S. hippocrepis I zone (but they essentially placed it an even 1 myr above FAD of A. parcus).	FADt Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis	83.9575	0.85	Santonian	0.0000		DASHED -- Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis (sensu Burnett’98b) FAD is schematically by Burnett’98 shown as middle of S. leei III Zone of N. Amer. [Rarely used by others]. In contrast, Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) show base of Zone as ca. 85% up in Santonian (used here).		Campanian
UCt12	1.3325	DASHED -- Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about base of Uintacrinus socialis CRINOID Zone (in Chalk). SEPM’98 had assigned Just below (0.1 myr) the FAD of L. cayeuxii, but this LAD is significantly ABOVE in both base-Santonian sections (Ten Mile Creek; and Olazagutia in Spain). Same as L. "moratus" of Varol, 1992.				FADt Calculites obscurus	85.2900	0.2	Santonian	0.0000		DOTTED -- Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15) show as ca. 15% up in Santonian (20% used here). In contrast, Leg 207 placed much higher at essentially Late/Middle Santonian boundary (base of D. bassleri zone)		Santonian
			UCt11c	0.5375	Assigned here as ca. 85% up in Magadiceramus crenelatus inoceramid zone, based on Ten Mile Creek candidate for base-Santonian (although base of that zone is not established). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about base of P. serratomarginatus ammonite Zone. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 assigned FAD nearly 2 myr Higher -- just below top of C. saxitonianus-I. undulatoplicatus Zone in mid-Santonian !! A lowermost-Santonian or uppermost-Coniacian (depending on future definition, and correlation to W.Interior ammonite usage) is supported by base-Santonian GSSP study, where L. cayeuxii is above base-D. asymetrica Foram Zone (the working definition of base-Santonian here; although age-calibration is uncertain), and just below the proposed macrofossil definition. Estimates (SEPM, Leg 171/207) seem to converge on placement at Middle/Early Santonian boundary (base of C. vermiformis zone). SEPM’98 had assigned Just above (0.1 myr) the LAD of S. septenarius; but order is opposite in Burnett’s UC system.	FADt Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii	85.8275	0.85	Magadiceramus crenelatus WInoZ	0.0000		Assigned here as ca. 85% up in Magadiceramus crenelatus inoceramid zone, based on Ten Mile Creek candidate for base-Santonian (although base of that zone is not established). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about base of P. serratomarginatus ammonite Zone. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 assigned FAD nearly 2 myr Higher -- just below top of C. saxitonianus-I. undulatoplicatus Zone in mid-Santonian !! A lowermost-Santonian or uppermost-Coniacian (depending on future definition, and correlation to W.Interior ammonite usage) is supported by base-Santonian GSSP study, where L. cayeuxii is above base-D. asymetrica Foram Zone (the working definition of base-Santonian here; although age-calibration is uncertain), and just below the proposed macrofossil definition. Estimates (SEPM, Leg 171/207) seem to converge on placement at Middle/Early Santonian boundary (base of C. vermiformis zone). SEPM’98 had assigned Just above (0.1 myr) the LAD of S. septenarius; but order is opposite in Burnett’s UC system.		Santonian
			UCt11b	0.0638	DASHED -- Subzone UC11a and UC11b are very brief, therefore this boundary event is placed mid-way to base of UC11c. Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 70% up in G. margae ammonite Zone.	LADt Quadrum gartneri	85.8913	0.5	UCt11a to UCt11b	0.0000		DASHED -- Subzone UC11a and UC11b are very brief, therefore this boundary event is placed mid-way to base of UC11c. Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 70% up in G. margae ammonite Zone.		Coniacian
UCt11	0.6650	Assigned here as ca. 70% up in Magadiceramus crenelatus inoceramid zone, based on relative spacing of nannofossil events at Ten Mile Creek candidate for base-Santonian (although base of that zone is not established) for the higher L. cayeuxii compared to both events at Olazagutia (Spainish base-Santonian candidate). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 40% up in G. margae ammonite Zone. Subzone UC11a is very brief. SEPM’98 had assigned Same age as FAD of R. anthorphorus; but these are separated in Burnett’98.	UCt11a	0.0637	Assigned here as ca. 70% up in Magadiceramus crenelatus inoceramid zone, based on relative spacing of nannofossil events at Ten Mile Creek candidate for base-Santonian (although base of that zone is not established) for the higher L. cayeuxii compared to both events at Olazagutia (Spainish base-Santonian candidate). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 40% up in G. margae ammonite Zone. Subzone UC11a is very brief. SEPM’98 had assigned Same age as FAD of R. anthorphorus; but these are separated in Burnett’98.	FADt Lithastrinus grillii	85.9550	0.7	Magadiceramus crenelatus WInoZ	0.0000		Assigned here as ca. 70% up in Magadiceramus crenelatus inoceramid zone, based on relative spacing of nannofossil events at Ten Mile Creek candidate for base-Santonian (although base of that zone is not established) for the higher L. cayeuxii compared to both events at Olazagutia (Spainish base-Santonian candidate). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 40% up in G. margae ammonite Zone. Subzone UC11a is very brief. SEPM’98 had assigned Same age as FAD of R. anthorphorus; but these are separated in Burnett’98.		Santonian
UCt10	1.2210	DASHED as 60% up in Coniacian using relative scaling at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15). Same as "Micula decussata". FAD is Late/Middle Coniacian boundary in Leg 171 and Tethyan SEPM column; BUT placed at Middle/Early Coniacian in Boreal SEPM column. Burnett’98 assigns as essentially at base of P. tridorsatum Zone, which would be closer to Boreal				FADt Micula staurophora	87.1760	0.6	Coniacian	0.0000		DASHED as 60% up in Coniacian using relative scaling at Gubbio (Coccioni-Silva’15). Same as "Micula decussata". FAD is Late/Middle Coniacian boundary in Leg 171 and Tethyan SEPM column; BUT placed at Middle/Early Coniacian in Boreal SEPM column. Burnett’98 assigns as essentially at base of P. tridorsatum Zone, which would be closer to Boreal		Coniacian
			UCt9c	2.3140	Burnett’98 assigns as essentially at base of F. petrocoriensis Zone. Same as "B. lacunosa" and "Aspidolithus parcus expansus" of some authors.	FADt Broinsonia parca expansa	89.4900	0	Forresteria petrocoriensis TAZ	0.0000		Burnett’98 assigns as essentially at base of F. petrocoriensis Zone. Same as "B. lacunosa" and "Aspidolithus parcus expansus" of some authors.		Coniacian
			UCt9b	0.4550	Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 1/6th up in "super" S. neptuni Zone (version used in GTS04 includes "overlying" Prionocyclus germari Zone". BUT, to maintain proportions within C12 (UC8) when its basal marker is shifted upward, then fixed as 83% up in CC12.	FADt Zeugrhabdotus biperforatus	89.9450	0.83	CC12	0.0000		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 1/6th up in "super" S. neptuni Zone (version used in GTS04 includes "overlying" Prionocyclus germari Zone". BUT, to maintain proportions within C12 (UC8) when its basal marker is shifted upward, then fixed as 83% up in CC12.		Coniacian
UCt9	2.9640	DASHED -- has a long transition with different concepts of species FAD (Dave Watkins; at UCL working group, June 2011) => "sensu lato" used here for earlier FAD. Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests this FAD is about 20% up in R. ornatissimum subzone of C. woollgari Zone (used here). In contrast, SEPM’98 had assigned as Just below (0.1 myr) the Middle/Early Coniacian boundary in Tethyan column. Same as L. "moratus" of Varol, 1992. . BUT, to maintain proportions within C12 (UC8) when its basal marker is shifted upward, then fixed as 44% up in CC12.	UCt9a	0.1950	DASHED -- has a long transition with different concepts of species FAD (Dave Watkins; at UCL working group, June 2011) => "sensu lato" used here for earlier FAD. Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests this FAD is about 20% up in R. ornatissimum subzone of C. woollgari Zone (used here). In contrast, SEPM’98 had assigned as Just below (0.1 myr) the Middle/Early Coniacian boundary in Tethyan column. Same as L. "moratus" of Varol, 1992. . BUT, to maintain proportions within C12 (UC8) when its basal marker is shifted upward, then fixed as 44% up in CC12.	FADt Lithastrinus septenarius (sensu lato)	90.1400	0.44	CC12	0.0000		DASHED -- has a long transition with different concepts of species FAD (Dave Watkins; at UCL working group, June 2011) => "sensu lato" used here for earlier FAD. Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests this FAD is about 20% up in R. ornatissimum subzone of C. woollgari Zone (used here). In contrast, SEPM’98 had assigned as Just below (0.1 myr) the Middle/Early Coniacian boundary in Tethyan column. Same as L. "moratus" of Varol, 1992. . BUT, to maintain proportions within C12 (UC8) when its basal marker is shifted upward, then fixed as 44% up in CC12.		Coniacian
			UCt8b	0.0900	Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 25% up in R. kallesi subzone of C. woollgari Zone. BUT, to maintain proportions within C12 (UC8) when its basal marker is shifted upward, then fixed as 26% up in CC12.	FADt Lucianorhabdus quadrifidus	90.2300	0.26	CC12	0.0000		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 25% up in R. kallesi subzone of C. woollgari Zone. BUT, to maintain proportions within C12 (UC8) when its basal marker is shifted upward, then fixed as 26% up in CC12.		Turonian
UCt8	0.2200	DASHED (Brian Huber, email Jan2016) at 0.5myr below Base of Furcata (base C11): "The eximius datum is too low and is being revised by David Watkins based on our Tanzania work (paper in prep probably for Marine Micropaleo). It should be placed just below the FAD of furcatus." Was GTS2012 -- For now, FAD of E. eximius assigned as assigned as 80% up in M. nodosoides Zone (from schematic diagram in Burnett’98). Also put as coeval with foram H. helvetica LAD; but it seems diachronous relative to LAD of H. helvetica (above LAD at Demerara Rise Leg 207; within Helvetica zone at Tanzania and S. Atl. Pueblo (USA) => can get cyclestrat for both events (Dave Watkins; but he needs to check it). SEPM’98 assigned FAD at about 1 myr higher. Dual-markers (Eiffellithus eximius, Lucianorhabdus maleformis) for base of CC12; but separated in Burnett’98. SEPM’98 had assigned both FADs as middle of P. percarinatus Z.	UCt8a	0.1300	DASHED (Brian Huber, email Jan2016) at 0.5myr below Base of Furcata (base C11): "The eximius datum is too low and is being revised by David Watkins based on our Tanzania work (paper in prep probably for Marine Micropaleo). It should be placed just below the FAD of furcatus." Was GTS2012 -- For now, FAD of E. eximius assigned as assigned as 80% up in M. nodosoides Zone (from schematic diagram in Burnett’98). Also put as coeval with foram H. helvetica LAD; but it seems diachronous relative to LAD of H. helvetica (above LAD at Demerara Rise Leg 207; within Helvetica zone at Tanzania and S. Atl. Pueblo (USA) => can get cyclestrat for both events (Dave Watkins; but he needs to check it). SEPM’98 assigned FAD at about 1 myr higher. Dual-markers (Eiffellithus eximius, Lucianorhabdus maleformis) for base of CC12; but separated in Burnett’98. SEPM’98 had assigned both FADs as middle of P. percarinatus Z.	FADt Eiffellithus eximius	90.3600	0		0.5000	FADt Marthasterites furcatus	DASHED (Brian Huber, email Jan2016) at 0.5myr below Base of Furcata (base C11): "The eximius datum is too low and is being revised by David Watkins based on our Tanzania work (paper in prep probably for Marine Micropaleo). It should be placed just below the FAD of furcatus." Was GTS2012 -- For now, FAD of E. eximius assigned as assigned as 80% up in M. nodosoides Zone (from schematic diagram in Burnett’98). Also put as coeval with foram H. helvetica LAD; but it seems diachronous relative to LAD of H. helvetica (above LAD at Demerara Rise Leg 207; within Helvetica zone at Tanzania and S. Atl. Pueblo (USA) => can get cyclestrat for both events (Dave Watkins; but he needs to check it). SEPM’98 assigned FAD at about 1 myr higher. Dual-markers (Eiffellithus eximius, Lucianorhabdus maleformis) for base of CC12; but separated in Burnett’98. SEPM’98 had assigned both FADs as middle of P. percarinatus Z.		Turonian
UCt7	3.3900	SOLID (Brian Huber, email Jan2016) at 0.15 myr above base Turonian -- "FAD gartneri calculated as 93.75 Ma for Pueblo GSSP section in Huber, B. T., and Petrizzo, M. R., 2014 (Evolution and taxonomic study of the Cretaceous planktonic foraminifer Genus Helvetoglobotruncana Reiss, 1957 Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 44, p. 40-57). Should be solid line." In GTS2012 was DASH: "Just above base-Turonian at top of Devonense Zone (Dave Watkins; UCL Cret nanno workshop; June 2011) -- used here. This is lower (by about 0.5 myr) than schematic diagram in Burnett’98, which suggests about 1/3rd up in M. nodosoides Zone. This is similar to placement at Base of M. nodosoides Zone [Sudeep Kanungo, UCL thesis, June 2005; and pers. commun., Oct 2005 at EGI]. This is higher than the base of Turonian (Leg 171/207 placements) by 0.8 myr. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 had placed Q. garneri FAD as much lower -- in Cenomanian (!!) at 4/10 up in N. juddii Z.	UCt7b?	3.3650	DOTTED -- BELOW LAD of H. chiastia, or base of Archeocretea Foram zone (Mark Leckie and Dave Watkins at Pueblo) => uppermost Cenomanian. In contrast, Burnett’98 assigns LAD to lowermost Turonian; middle of W. devonense Zone (or, about 1/3rd up in super-zone of W. coloradoense) -- used here to retain a UC6 - subzone "b" in order for now. In ’austral’ province. Base of subzone corresponds to extinction of Ceratolithina spp. K. magnificus has its local FAD here in N. England. Same as "E. eptapetalus" of Varol ’92.	FADt Quadrum gartneri	93.7500	0		-0.1500	base Turonian	SOLID (Brian Huber, email Jan2016) at 0.15 myr above base Turonian -- "FAD gartneri calculated as 93.75 Ma for Pueblo GSSP section in Huber, B. T., and Petrizzo, M. R., 2014 (Evolution and taxonomic study of the Cretaceous planktonic foraminifer Genus Helvetoglobotruncana Reiss, 1957 Journal of Foraminiferal Research, v. 44, p. 40-57). Should be solid line." In GTS2012 was DASH: "Just above base-Turonian at top of Devonense Zone (Dave Watkins; UCL Cret nanno workshop; June 2011) -- used here. This is lower (by about 0.5 myr) than schematic diagram in Burnett’98, which suggests about 1/3rd up in M. nodosoides Zone. This is similar to placement at Base of M. nodosoides Zone [Sudeep Kanungo, UCL thesis, June 2005; and pers. commun., Oct 2005 at EGI]. This is higher than the base of Turonian (Leg 171/207 placements) by 0.8 myr. In contrast, Boreal column in SEPM’98 had placed Q. garneri FAD as much lower -- in Cenomanian (!!) at 4/10 up in N. juddii Z.		Turonian
UCt6	0.1500	Same as "Microstaurus chiastius" of other authors -- "rare but cute" (D.Watkins). LAD occurs at GSSP level in Pueblo -- used here (Dave Watkins; citing a field trip guide; and this was the basis for assigning in Leg 171 (but Ogg’s Leg 171 table was slightly lower). Burnett’98 assigns LAD only slightly higher -- as middle of W. devonense Zone (or, about 1/6th up in super-zone of W. coloradoense). J. Bergen puts also at base of Turonian), but below LAD of R. asper.	UCt6a	0.1500	Same as "Microstaurus chiastius" of other authors -- "rare but cute" (D.Watkins). LAD occurs at GSSP level in Pueblo -- used here (Dave Watkins; citing a field trip guide; and this was the basis for assigning in Leg 171 (but Ogg’s Leg 171 table was slightly lower). Burnett’98 assigns LAD only slightly higher -- as middle of W. devonense Zone (or, about 1/6th up in super-zone of W. coloradoense). J. Bergen puts also at base of Turonian), but below LAD of R. asper.	LADt Helenea chiastia	93.9000	0	Turonian	0.0000		Same as "Microstaurus chiastius" of other authors -- "rare but cute" (D.Watkins). LAD occurs at GSSP level in Pueblo -- used here (Dave Watkins; citing a field trip guide; and this was the basis for assigning in Leg 171 (but Ogg’s Leg 171 table was slightly lower). Burnett’98 assigns LAD only slightly higher -- as middle of W. devonense Zone (or, about 1/6th up in super-zone of W. coloradoense). J. Bergen puts also at base of Turonian), but below LAD of R. asper.		Turonian
			UCt5b	0.0800	Bralower et al (1995) uses LAD of A. albianus for base of NC12. LAD of Albianus is above LAD of foraminifer Cushmani (Petrizzo, UCL Cret foram-nanno workshop; June 2011) => put arbitrary 0.05 myr above that Foram LAD (used here; because Gubbio chart of Coccioni-Silva shows as same level). This is close to placement in Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 85% up in M. geslinianum Zone -- which switches the "usual observed" sequence of LAD of A. albianus occurring AFTER the LAD of R. asper (which is the basis of separate NK zones)	LADt Axopodorhabdus albianus	93.9800	0		-0.0500	LAD Rotalipora cushmani	Bralower et al (1995) uses LAD of A. albianus for base of NC12. LAD of Albianus is above LAD of foraminifer Cushmani (Petrizzo, UCL Cret foram-nanno workshop; June 2011) => put arbitrary 0.05 myr above that Foram LAD (used here; because Gubbio chart of Coccioni-Silva shows as same level). This is close to placement in Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 85% up in M. geslinianum Zone -- which switches the "usual observed" sequence of LAD of A. albianus occurring AFTER the LAD of R. asper (which is the basis of separate NK zones)		Cenomanian
UCt5		DOTTED -- Rare, and difficult to use (comments at UCL Cret. nanno-foram workshop; June 2011). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 60% up in M. geslinianum Zone which was similar to SEPM placment of LAD assigned as ~0.5 myr below top of Cenomanian. BUT, that would conflict with base of NC12, wihch is better calibrated => DOTTED artibrary as midway between LADs of A. albianus and LAD of Cretarabdus striatus (Burnett’s marker for underlying subzone in her zonation)	UCt5c	0.0450	This is the 5-element Q. intermedium. Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 50% up in N. juddii Zone.	LADt Lithraphidites acutus		0.5	UCt4 to UCt5	0.0000		DOTTED -- Rare, and difficult to use (comments at UCL Cret. nanno-foram workshop; June 2011). Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 60% up in M. geslinianum Zone which was similar to SEPM placment of LAD assigned as ~0.5 myr below top of Cenomanian. BUT, that would conflict with base of NC12, wihch is better calibrated => DOTTED artibrary as midway between LADs of A. albianus and LAD of Cretarabdus striatus (Burnett’s marker for underlying subzone in her zonation)		Cenomanian
UCt4		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 10% up in M. geslinianum Zone. Leg 207 places just 0.1 myr below L. acutus LAD; which is only slightly higher. Essentially, Zone UC4 is very very short!				LADt Cylindralithus biarcus	94.5280	0.1	Metoicoceras geslinianum TAZ	0.0000		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 10% up in M. geslinianum Zone. Leg 207 places just 0.1 myr below L. acutus LAD; which is only slightly higher. Essentially, Zone UC4 is very very short!		Cenomanian
			UCt3e	0.1320	Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 90% up in C. guerangeri Zone.	LADt Corollithion kennedyi	94.6600	0.9	Calycoceras guerangeri TAZ	0.0000		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 90% up in C. guerangeri Zone.		Cenomanian
			UCt3d	0.2070	Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 2/3rds up in C. guerangeri Zone.	LADt Gartnerago nanum	94.8670	0.67	Calycoceras guerangeri TAZ	0.0000		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 2/3rds up in C. guerangeri Zone.		Cenomanian
			UCt3c	0.3060	Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 1/3rd up in C. guerangeri Zone.	LADt Staurolithites gausorhethium	95.1730	0.33	Calycoceras guerangeri TAZ	0.0000		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 1/3rd up in C. guerangeri Zone.		Cenomanian
			UCt3b	0.8045	Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 25% up in A. rhotomagense Zone.	LADt Gartnerago theta	95.9775	0.25	Acanthoceras rhotomagense TAZ	0.0000		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 25% up in A. rhotomagense Zone.		Cenomanian
UCt3	1.6320	DOTTED --Base of CC10 has dual-markers (M. decoratus; L. acutus). FAD of L. acutus occurs near Thatcher Limestone in Western Interior (Andy Gale, UCL Cret nanno-foram workshop; June 2011) => In Conlinoceras tarrantense (=Conlinoceras gilberti) ammonite zone. Assigned here as middle of that Zone. However, at Gubbio, base of CC10 is drawn as only ca. 1 myr below top of Cenomanian (Coccioni-Silva’15). SEPM’98 has assigned both as Middle of A. granerosense zone; but Leg 207 projects age as base of Middle Cenomanian (~1 myr below). Therefore, I decided to retain Andy Gale’s lower base for now; but obviously work is needed to calibrate this in more than one location!	UCt3a	0.1825	DOTTED --Base of CC10 has dual-markers (M. decoratus; L. acutus). FAD of L. acutus occurs near Thatcher Limestone in Western Interior (Andy Gale, UCL Cret nanno-foram workshop; June 2011) => In Conlinoceras tarrantense (=Conlinoceras gilberti) ammonite zone. Assigned here as middle of that Zone. However, at Gubbio, base of CC10 is drawn as only ca. 1 myr below top of Cenomanian (Coccioni-Silva’15). SEPM’98 has assigned both as Middle of A. granerosense zone; but Leg 207 projects age as base of Middle Cenomanian (~1 myr below). Therefore, I decided to retain Andy Gale’s lower base for now; but obviously work is needed to calibrate this in more than one location!	FADt Lithraphidites acutus, Microrhabdulus decoratus	96.1600	0.5	Conlinoceras tarrantense - Conlinoceras gilberti WAZ	0.0000		DOTTED --Base of CC10 has dual-markers (M. decoratus; L. acutus). FAD of L. acutus occurs near Thatcher Limestone in Western Interior (Andy Gale, UCL Cret nanno-foram workshop; June 2011) => In Conlinoceras tarrantense (=Conlinoceras gilberti) ammonite zone. Assigned here as middle of that Zone. However, at Gubbio, base of CC10 is drawn as only ca. 1 myr below top of Cenomanian (Coccioni-Silva’15). SEPM’98 has assigned both as Middle of A. granerosense zone; but Leg 207 projects age as base of Middle Cenomanian (~1 myr below). Therefore, I decided to retain Andy Gale’s lower base for now; but obviously work is needed to calibrate this in more than one location!		Cenomanian
			UCt2c	1.1450	Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 50% up in M. dixoni Zone.	FADt Cylindralithus sculptus	97.3050	0.5	Mantelliceras dixoni TAZ	0.0000		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 50% up in M. dixoni Zone.		Cenomanian
			UCt2b	0.4260	DASH -- "Shelf-preferring form, therefore subzone might not be determinable in oceanic sequences". Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 30% up in M. dixoni Zone.	LADt Zeugrhabdotus xenotus	97.7310	0.3	Mantelliceras dixoni TAZ	0.0000		DASH -- "Shelf-preferring form, therefore subzone might not be determinable in oceanic sequences". Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 30% up in M. dixoni Zone.		Cenomanian
UCt2	2.1035	Called "G. obliquum" by some authors; but Burnett’98 indicates that true "obliquum" comes in within mid-UC2c, or about 1 myr higher. Burnett’98 assigns as basal (but not base) of M. dixoni ammonite zone, so set as 5% up here. However, it is mainly a cold-realm datum.	UCt2a	0.5325	Called "G. obliquum" by some authors; but Burnett’98 indicates that true "obliquum" comes in within mid-UC2c, or about 1 myr higher. Burnett’98 assigns as basal (but not base) of M. dixoni ammonite zone, so set as 5% up here. However, it is mainly a cold-realm datum.	FADt Gartnerago segmentatum	98.2635	0.05	Mantelliceras dixoni TAZ	0.0000		Called "G. obliquum" by some authors; but Burnett’98 indicates that true "obliquum" comes in within mid-UC2c, or about 1 myr higher. Burnett’98 assigns as basal (but not base) of M. dixoni ammonite zone, so set as 5% up here. However, it is mainly a cold-realm datum.		Cenomanian
			UCt1c	1.6785	Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 70% up in N. carcitanense subzone. Zone UC1c is very brief.	LADt Gartnerago chiasta	99.9420	0.7	Neostlingoceras carcitanense TAsZ	0.0000		Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 70% up in N. carcitanense subzone. Zone UC1c is very brief.		Cenomanian
UCt1		Leg 171 observed as 2 precession cycles (0.05 myr) above base-Rotalipora globotruncanoides (base of Cenomanian); used here. Jackie Lee assigned much higher -- 40% up in N. carcitanense subzone. SEPM’98 assigned tropical FAD as middle of N. americanus Z.	UCt1b	0.0880	Schematic diagram in Burnett’98 suggests about 50% up in N. carcitanense subzone.	FADt Corollithion kennedyi		0		0.0500		Leg 171 observed as 2 precession cycles (0.05 myr) above base-Rotalipora globotruncanoides (base of Cenomanian); used here. Jackie Lee assigned much higher -- 40% up in N. carcitanense subzone. SEPM’98 assigned tropical FAD as middle of N. americanus Z.		Cenomanian
UCt0 / BC27		2 events are used, depending on morphotype. Small is earlier. Large (USED HERE) is base of M. fallax ammonite zone at Col de Palluel (Gale et al., 2011) (used here, because have cycle-strat for that foram zone). Bown’98 has schematically shown as 90% up in M. inflatum Zone, which is same numerical-age level. Bralower-Leckie, 1997, had put slightly lower -- coeval with FAD of foraminifer R. ticinensis. SEPM’98 assigned Boreal FAD as 7/10 up in E. loricatus Z., E. meandrinus s.z. or Tropical as just below (0.15 myr) the base of H. orbignyi subzone.				FADt Eiffellithus turriseiffelii	103.1325	0	Pervinquieria fallax TAZ	0.0000		2 events are used, depending on morphotype. Small is earlier. Large (USED HERE) is base of M. fallax ammonite zone at Col de Palluel (Gale et al., 2011) (used here, because have cycle-strat for that foram zone). Bown’98 has schematically shown as 90% up in M. inflatum Zone, which is same numerical-age level. Bralower & et al. 1995, had put it slightly lower -- coeval with FAD of foraminifer R. ticinensis. SEPM’98 assigned Boreal FAD as 7/10 up in E. loricatus Z., E. meandrinus s.z. or Tropical as just below (0.15 myr) the base of H. orbignyi subzone.		Albian
			MNN21b	0.0498		FCO Emiliania huxleyi (acme in Mediterreanean)	0.0500	0		0.0000		Mediterranean event -- Lourens et al. (2004; Table A2.2)		Lt. Pleist. ("Tarantian")
			MNN21a	0.2400				0
			NJT17a	0.4176				0

Events in the nannos Tethyan dataset↑